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Sodium and potassium ions are the two molecules necessary for the action potential in neurons. Sodium ions flow into the cell during depolarization, while potassium ions flow out of the cell during repolarization. This ion movement across the cell membrane is essential for the generation and propagation of the action potential.
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What can occur when the effects of one graded potential are added onto the effects produced by another graded potential which can lead to an action potential?
More sodium ions pile up (accumulate) at the axon hillock from the combination of the two (or more) graded potentials, which may be then be sufficient to initiate the action potential.
What happens during the refractory period?
The voltage-gated Na+ channels get deactivated, thus the sodium ions cannot diffuse into the cell and cause depolarisation and this also provides time for the membrane to prepare for its second action potential.
How are resting and action potential related to sodium potassium pump?
Resting potential is the baseline electrical charge of a neuron when it is not firing, maintained by the sodium-potassium pump, which actively transports three sodium ions out of the cell and two potassium ions into it. This creates a negative internal environment relative to the outside. During an action potential, the sudden influx of sodium ions through voltage-gated channels depolarizes the membrane, while the pump helps restore the resting potential by re-establishing the ion gradient after the action potential has occurred. Thus, the sodium-potassium pump is crucial for both maintaining resting potential and resetting the membrane after an action potential.
What are the two basic elements necessary for life to exist on a planet?
The two basic elements necessary for life to exist on a planet are water and carbon. Water is essential for biochemical reactions to occur, and carbon is the building block of organic molecules that make up living organisms.
What is the difference between action potentials and synaptic potentials?
A synaptic potential exists at the INPUT of a neuron (dendrite), and an action potential occurs at the OUTPUT of a neuron (axon). (from OldGuy)(from Ilantoren:) A synaptic potential is the result of many excitatory post synaptic potentials (epsp) each one caused by the synaptic vesicles released by the pre-synaptic terminus. If there are enough of these epsp then the responses will summate and depolarize the post-synaptic membrane at the axon hillock enough to fire an action potential.
What can occur when the effects of one graded potential are added onto the effects produced by another graded potential which can lead to an action potential.?
More sodium ions pile up (accumulate) at the axon hillock from the combination of the two (or more) graded potentials, which may be then be sufficient to initiate the action potential.
What can occur when the effects of one graded potential are added onto the effects produced by another graded potential which can lead to an action potential?
More sodium ions pile up (accumulate) at the axon hillock from the combination of the two (or more) graded potentials, which may be then be sufficient to initiate the action potential.
What two important requirements are necessary before generator action is possible?
Conductor in a magnetic field with relative motion between the two.
What relationship is depicted in the potential energy versus internuclear distance graph?
The potential energy versus internuclear distance graph shows the relationship between the energy of two atoms or molecules as they move closer or farther apart. It illustrates how the potential energy changes as the distance between the nuclei of the atoms or molecules changes.
When a collision can occur when the distance decreases and bearing between two vessels does what?
When the distance between two vessels decreases and the bearing remains constant, a collision is likely to occur. This is known as a "constant bearing decreasing range" situation, which indicates that the vessels are on a collision course. Immediate action is necessary to avoid a potential collision.
What are the two processes that stop an action potential from rising above 30 mV?
The two processes that prevent an action potential from rising above 30 mV are the opening of voltage-gated potassium channels, leading to potassium efflux, and the closing of voltage-gated sodium channels, preventing further sodium influx. These processes help return the membrane potential to its resting state.
Why is a chemical energy a form of potential energy?
Chemical energy is a form of potential energy because they both are forms of stored energy.Because of this, atoms and molecules can have chemical potential energy. Anytime two atoms form a strong covalent or ionic bond or two molecules form a weak van der Waals bond, chemical energy is converted into other forms of energy, usually in the form of heat and light.
What happens during the refractory period?
The voltage-gated Na+ channels get deactivated, thus the sodium ions cannot diffuse into the cell and cause depolarisation and this also provides time for the membrane to prepare for its second action potential.
How are resting and action potential related to sodium potassium pump?
Resting potential is the baseline electrical charge of a neuron when it is not firing, maintained by the sodium-potassium pump, which actively transports three sodium ions out of the cell and two potassium ions into it. This creates a negative internal environment relative to the outside. During an action potential, the sudden influx of sodium ions through voltage-gated channels depolarizes the membrane, while the pump helps restore the resting potential by re-establishing the ion gradient after the action potential has occurred. Thus, the sodium-potassium pump is crucial for both maintaining resting potential and resetting the membrane after an action potential.
How does the myelin sheath affect the speed of action potential?
Myelin sheath does several things that affect the speed of an action potential.It acts as an insulator around a neuron axon, thereby focusing the propagation of the action potential along the axis of the axon.The action potential "leaps" from one node of Ranvier (the node in between two myelinated segments) to the next, and to the next, and to the next, and so on, faster than the action potential can propagate as a wave along an unmyelinated axon of the same diameter.The regions along a myelinated axon depolarize locally and successively, thus allowing an action potential to travel along an axon using less energy, which in turn allows the neuron to repolarize more quickly, and thus be ready to conduct the next action potential sooner, thereby increasing the overall speed of information transmission.
What is necessary for charges to flow between two points?
Either potential difference (apply voltage) or energy input (drag the charged particle)
What are the two basic elements necessary for life to exist on a planet?
The two basic elements necessary for life to exist on a planet are water and carbon. Water is essential for biochemical reactions to occur, and carbon is the building block of organic molecules that make up living organisms.
