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When molten magma cools and crystallizes, it becomes a hard rock called igneous rock. Different magmas have different compositions and so produce different igneous rocks.

If the magma cools beneath the earth's surface, it cools slowly. Rocks formed like this are called intrusive rocks, and have large crystals, e.g. granite, gabbro, dolerite.

If magma comes to the surface (in a volcanic eruption) it cools rapidly. Rocks formed like this are called extrusive rocks, and they have small crystals, e.g. basalt, obsidian, pumice.

Igneous rocks have interlocking mineral crystals. The crystals are arranged randomly throughout the rock. Igneous rocks are mostly non-porous.

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