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The Goulburn Mulwaree Council website states that Goulburn is Australia's first inland city, and quotes the following information:

  • In 1818, Hamilton Hume and John Meehan passed the site of Goulburn, followed by Governor Macquarie passing through the area in 1820.
  • Free settlers encouraged the growth of town commerce; the railway from Sydney opened in 1869 and Goulburn was initially the southern terminus, until 1875.
  • In March of 1863, the town was the last in the British Empire to become a city by virtue of a Royal Letters Patent, creating a Bishopric. The proclamation was gazetted in 1864.

However, the first major inland settlement was Bathurst, although it was not proclaimed a city as early as Goulburn was. The development of Bathurst came about as a result of the first crossing of the Blue Mountains by Blaxland, Lawson and Wentworth in May 1813. Shortly after their return, George Evans, Deputy Surveyor-General of New South Wales continued on from where they left off. He reached the site of present-day Bathurst, and returned to Sydney with the recommendation that a road should be built to the site.

The road was completed in January 1815, and shortly afterwards, Governor Lachlan Macquarie travelled along the road, named "Cox's Pass". He took eleven days to reach the site of Bathurst, where the Union Jack was raised. Thus, Bathurst was proclaimed a town in 1815. It experienced rapid growth as a result of the gold rush in the 1850s and 1860s,and the Cobb & Co Coach company made Bathurst its NSW headquarters in 1862.

While Bathurst was proclaimed a town on 7 May 1815, it was only proclaimed a city on 20 March 1885.

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