In Griffith's experiment 1 he injected the mouse with live R cells.
It was not till Griffiths experiment 2 did he injest the mouse with live S cells.
The injected microorganisms in a vaccine may have the same antigens as the live pathogen, but they are weakened or killed to prevent disease. This allows the immune system to recognize and build immunity against these antigens without causing illness.
Griffith's experiments demonstrated that a hereditary factor was involved in bacterial transformation through the use of two strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae: a virulent smooth strain and a non-virulent rough strain. When he injected mice with heat-killed smooth bacteria mixed with live rough bacteria, the mice developed pneumonia and died, indicating that the rough bacteria had somehow transformed into the virulent smooth form. This transformation suggested the presence of a "transforming principle," which later researchers identified as DNA, thus showing that genetic information could be transferred between bacteria.
The mice died. This was a fundamental experiment in the history of genetics and helped to establish that DNA was the information and gene carrier for all life. To understand it a little better it's important to know that the heat killed (virulent) bacteria killed the mice when it was living. And the non-virulent did not. But when combined, the non-virulent absorbed some of the DNA from the virulent and was able to make a protective coat that shielded it from the animals immune system... allowing it to kill the mice.
He found out what made people sick. In more detail, he reported his Griffith Experiment, which was the first widely accepted demonstration of bacterial transformation. He showed that Streptococcus pneumonae could transform from one strain to another, an observation that was attributed to an unidentified transforming principle or factor that was later identified as DNA.
They can be either. Some vaccines are made with dead viruses or particles of viruses and other vaccines are made with attenuated (weakened) viruses that are not able to make an otherwise healthy person sick. In 2009 the swine flu vaccine approved for use in the US was prepared both ways, the nasal flu vaccine was made from attenuated viruses and the shots were made with dead viruses.
To find out, he took a culture of these cells, heated the bacteria to kill them, and injected the heat-killed bacteria into the mice.
To find out, he took a culture of these cells, heated the bacteria to kill them, and injected the heat-killed bacteria into the mice.
To find out, he took a culture of these cells, heated the bacteria to kill them, and injected the heat-killed bacteria into the mice. The Mice survived, suggesting that the cause of pneumonia was not a chemical poison released by the disease-causing bacteria.
Boiling the meat broth killed any existing microorganisms.
Boiling the meat broth killed any existing microorganisms.
He killed them!
S Strain ---> inject into mice ---> Mice Die R Strain ---> inject into mice ---> Mice Live Griffith was able to kill bacteria by heating them. He observed that heat-killed S Strain bacteria injected into mice did not kill them. When he S Strain (heat Killed) ---> Injected into mice ---> Mice Live S Strain ( heat Killed) + R Strain (Live) ---> Injected into mice ---> Mice Die
It depends - on how much venom is injected, and how far away you are from help !
around 30 or so for experiments!
vaccine
Professor Georg Wilhelm Richmann, of Saint Petersburg, Russia, became the first recorded person to be killed while performing electrical experiments when he was struck and killed by a globe of ball lightning in 1753.
When he killed Polonius he thought he was killing Claudius. Everyone else he killed, he killed on purpose.