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When the second excitory postsynaptic potential arrives at a single synapse before the effect of the first has disappeared what occurs?
Summation occurs, where the two excitatory postsynaptic potentials combine to reach the threshold for firing an action potential. This can be either temporal summation, where two EPSPs from the same presynaptic neuron occur in quick succession, or spatial summation, where EPSPs from different presynaptic neurons arrive simultaneously.
What would happen if a spherical volume of air instantaneously disappeared?
It depends on the size of the disappearing sphere. If a small sphere disappeared then air from adjoining space would move in and balance would soon be be restored. However, if a large sphere disappeared then the adjustment could involve extreme turbulence.
Who showed that communication across the synapse was a chemical process?
Otto Loewi demonstrated that communication across the synapse was a chemical process through his experiments with frog hearts in 1921. He collected fluid from a stimulated frog heart, transferred it to another heart, and observed that it caused the same effect. This led to the discovery of neurotransmitters as chemical messengers in the nervous system.
If an animal from food chain is disappeared then what will be its effect on the food chain?
If an animal from a food chain disappears, it can have a cascading effect on the entire ecosystem. This can disrupt the predator-prey balance, leading to an increase or decrease in certain species populations. It can also impact the availability of resources for other animals in the food chain, potentially causing a chain reaction of consequences throughout the ecosystem.
What is the difference between action potentials and synaptic potentials?
A synaptic potential exists at the INPUT of a neuron (dendrite), and an action potential occurs at the OUTPUT of a neuron (axon). (from OldGuy)(from Ilantoren:) A synaptic potential is the result of many excitatory post synaptic potentials (epsp) each one caused by the synaptic vesicles released by the pre-synaptic terminus. If there are enough of these epsp then the responses will summate and depolarize the post-synaptic membrane at the axon hillock enough to fire an action potential.
When the second excitory postsynaptic potential arrives at a single synapse before the effect of the first has disappeared what occurs?
Summation occurs, where the two excitatory postsynaptic potentials combine to reach the threshold for firing an action potential. This can be either temporal summation, where two EPSPs from the same presynaptic neuron occur in quick succession, or spatial summation, where EPSPs from different presynaptic neurons arrive simultaneously.
What is the relationship between the action potential and the synapse?
A synapse and an action potential have a flip-flopping cause and effect relationship, in that an action potential in a presynaptic neuron initiates a release of neurotransmitters across a synapse, which can then subsequently potentially trigger an action potential in the axon of the postsynaptic neuron, which would then cause release of neurotransmitters across a following synapse.
How does nicotine effect cells?
Nicotine is a Sympathetic drug when it acts on synapse it has its Sympathomimetic action and it activates the neurons.
Numerous nerve impulses arriving at a synapse at closely timed intervals exert a cumulative effect?
temporal summation
Effects of drugs on the nervous system?
The effect of the drug ecstasy causes a build up of serotonin at the synapse gap. This is because the ecstasy causes a blockage at the receptor molecules, meaning the synapse chemicals (serotonin), are unable to be 'absorbed' by the receptor molecules.
What is a shunting synapse?
A shunting synapse is a type of synapse that primarily functions to inhibit the activity of a neuron rather than to excite it. When neurotransmitters are released at a shunting synapse, they can cause an increase in the conductance of inhibitory ions, effectively "shunting" or reducing the effect of excitatory inputs. This mechanism plays a crucial role in regulating neuronal signaling and maintaining the balance between excitation and inhibition in neural circuits. Shunting synapses are important for processes such as sensory processing and neuronal stability.
What would happen if a spherical volume of air instantaneously disappeared?
It depends on the size of the disappearing sphere. If a small sphere disappeared then air from adjoining space would move in and balance would soon be be restored. However, if a large sphere disappeared then the adjustment could involve extreme turbulence.
How does the signal at the synapse turn off?
The signal at the synapse is turned off primarily through the reuptake of neurotransmitters by the presynaptic neuron, where they are repackaged into vesicles or broken down by enzymes. Additionally, neurotransmitters can diffuse away from the synaptic cleft, reducing their concentration and effect. Some neurotransmitters are also inactivated by specific enzymes in the synapse, further ensuring that the signal ceases. This coordinated process allows for precise control over synaptic transmission and neural signaling.
What would happen if the ionosphere disappeared?
One significant effect would be that long range radio communication by shortwave would be impossible.
What country did the end of the Vietnam war effect?
Only one nation was ultimately effected permanently: The Republic of South Vietnam disappeared! There is no such country today.
Who showed that communication across the synapse was a chemical process?
Otto Loewi demonstrated that communication across the synapse was a chemical process through his experiments with frog hearts in 1921. He collected fluid from a stimulated frog heart, transferred it to another heart, and observed that it caused the same effect. This led to the discovery of neurotransmitters as chemical messengers in the nervous system.
What means cause?
It's what happens before the effect!
