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The photoelectric cell, also known as the photoelectric effect, was first observed by Heinrich Hertz in 1887 when he discovered that ultraviolet light could cause sparks to jump between two metal electrodes. However, it was Albert Einstein who, in 1905, provided a theoretical explanation for the effect, which ultimately earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921. This foundational work laid the groundwork for the development of photoelectric cells and various applications in modern technology.

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