In very general terms, electron transfer is caused by photoexcitation of the pigment molecules in the antenna complex. The chlorophyll and carotenoid molecules in the antenna complex become photoexcited when they absorb any wavelengths of visible light and then transmit resonant energy.
In Photosystem I (PSI), electrons gain energy primarily from light absorbed by chlorophyll molecules and other pigments. When photons are absorbed, they excite electrons to a higher energy state. These high-energy electrons are then transferred through a series of proteins in the electron transport chain, ultimately contributing to the reduction of NADP+ to NADPH, which is used in the Calvin cycle for synthesizing glucose.
Potassium has 19 electrons. The electronic configuration of potassium is 2-8-8-1, meaning that there are 2 electrons in the first energy level, 8 electrons in the second energy level, 8 electrons in the third energy level, and 1 electron in the fourth energy level.
The electrons at the highest energy level are those (1 to 8 electrons) in the valence band. Ones with higher energy are unable to remain attached to the atom.
NADP+
Electrons with the smallest amount of energy would occupy the principal quantum energy level of n = 1. This is the lowest energy level, closest to the nucleus of an atom, where electrons are most stable and have the least energy. In this level, there can be a maximum of two electrons, which occupy the 1s orbital.
After light hits photosystem I, its energy is used to produce NADPH through the process of photochemical reduction. NADPH is an important molecule that plays a key role in carrying and transferring electrons for various metabolic reactions in the cell.
This atom would be lithium (Li). It has 3 electrons, with 2 electrons in the first energy level and 1 electron in the third energy level.
An atom with seven electrons will have five electrons in the second energy level.
Potassium has 19 electrons. The electronic configuration of potassium is 2-8-8-1, meaning that there are 2 electrons in the first energy level, 8 electrons in the second energy level, 8 electrons in the third energy level, and 1 electron in the fourth energy level.
The electrons at the highest energy level are those (1 to 8 electrons) in the valence band. Ones with higher energy are unable to remain attached to the atom.
The electrons at the highest energy level are those (1 to 8 electrons) in the valence band. Ones with higher energy are unable to remain attached to the atom.
1. light can not be touched but photo can be touched. 2. light is a form of energy but photo is not. 3. we can feel the light but not photo.
Iodine has 7 electrons in its outer energy level.
A sodium atom has 11 electrons. The electrons are distributed into energy levels based on the principle that each energy level can hold a maximum number of electrons given by 2n^2, where n is the principal quantum number. So, in a sodium atom, the electron configuration would be 2-8-1, with 2 electrons in the first energy level, 8 electrons in the second energy level, and 1 electron in the third energy level.
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Free electrons exist in the conduction band, which is the highest energy band in a material where electrons are free to move and conduct electricity.