Chlorines
Disinfectants are effective against a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. They work by disrupting the cell membranes, proteins, and DNA/RNA of these organisms, leading to their inactivation and preventing their growth and reproduction.
Lightning is super effective against water. I hope this helps.
Paul Ehrlich discovered that only alkaline disinfectants are effective against Mycobacterium through his experiments on different chemical agents and their effects on bacteria. He found that Mycobacterium has a unique cell wall structure that is resistant to many disinfectants but susceptible to alkaline solutions. This led to the discovery of the effectiveness of alkaline disinfectants against Mycobacterium.
Ampicillin, erythromycin, penicillin, and methicillin are effective against Staphylococcus albus but not against Pseudomonas fluorescens. Chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and streptomycin are effective against Pseudomonas fluorescens. Chloramphenicol and erythromycin are effective against Micrococcus luteus. Tetracycline is effective against Bacillus sp., including Bacillus subtilis. Sulphafurazole is effective against many gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas fluorescens.
Spores are typically formed when an organism is enduring stressful conditions. If you wait until the culture is old then it is likely that some of the organisms will be experiencing stressful conditions such as lack of nutrients. It helps if you remember why the organism forms spores at all! The organism is protecting itself against harsh conditions, the spore will not germinate until conditions favour growth.
because mycobacteria reproduce very slowly
Endospores are the most resistant to chemical biocides because of their thick outer spore coat that protects the genetic material inside. Endospores are formed by certain bacteria as a survival mechanism against harsh conditions.
Endospores have the highest resistance to physical and chemical controls among microbial forms. They are dormant structures produced by certain bacteria as a protective mechanism against harsh conditions such as heat, radiation, and chemical disinfectants. Their unique structure allows them to withstand extreme environments and remain viable for long periods.
Yes, iodine compounds can be effective against spores, including bacterial endospores. Iodine has strong antimicrobial properties that can disrupt the spore's cellular structure and inhibit its growth. However, the efficiency of iodine compounds against spores may vary depending on the concentration, exposure time, and the specific spore type being targeted.
a. Fungi. Griseofulvin is effective against fungi by disrupting their mitotic spindle formation during cell division.
a chemical that inhibits the formation of cell walls
Disinfectants are effective against a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. They work by disrupting the cell membranes, proteins, and DNA/RNA of these organisms, leading to their inactivation and preventing their growth and reproduction.
The Dorner endospore stain is a technique that involves using malachite green and safranin dyes to identify endospores in bacterial cells. Endospores are a dormant form of certain bacteria that are resistant to harsh conditions. The stain helps visualize endospores as green structures against a pink background.
Ghost & Flying. I believe that's it! Not dark or bug because although they're super-effective against Psychic, they are not-effective against Fighting. And not Psychic, because though it's super-effective against Fighting, it's not-effective against Psychic.
electric and ice are effective against flying
Metronidazole is not effective against the step throat.
fire: effective against: steel, grass, bug, ice Weak against: Dragon, water, fire, rock Water: Effective against: rock, ground, fire Weak against: water, grass, ice, dragon Grass: Effective against: water, ground, rock Weak against: grass, fire Dark: Effective against: ghost, psychic Weak against: dark, fighting, rock, steel Fighting: Effective against: dark, steel, normal, ice, rock Weak against: bug, poison, flying, psychic Not-Affected: ghost Electric: Effective against: flying, water Weak against: dragon, grass, electric Not-Affected: rock, ground Ground: Effective against: poison, steel, electric, fire, rock Weak against: bug, grass Not-Affected: flying Flying: Effective against: grass, fighting, bug Weak against: electric, steel, rock Poison: Effective against: grass Weak against: ghost, rock, ground, poison Not-Affected: Steel Dragon: Effective against: dragon Weak against: steel Steel: Effective against: rock, ice Weak against: electric, water, fire, steel Ice: Effective against: grass, rock, flying, dragon, ground Weak against: water, steel, ice, fire Rock: Effective against: flying, fire, bug, ice Weak against: rock, ground, fighting, steel Ghost: Effective against: ghost psychic Weak against: dark, steel Not-Affected: normal Bug: Effective against: dark, psychic, grass Weak against: fighting, steel, fire, flying, ghost, poison Psychic: Effective against: fighting, poison Weak against: psychic, steel Not-Affected: dark