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Which choice best explains what internal energy is as it relates to the first law of thermodynamics?
Internal energy is the sum of the randomly distributed microscopic potential energy and kinetic energy of the molecules that make up the system. The first law of thermodynamics states that: "The internal energy of a system is a function of its state. Any increase in the internal energy of a system is equal to the sum of the heat supplied to the system and the work done on the system." The first law of thermodynamics is a direct consequence of the principle of conservation of energy.
What is the total potential and kinetic energy of all microscopic particles in an object?
The total potential energy of all microscopic particles in an object is due to the interatomic forces between them, which can be significant in solid and liquid states. The total kinetic energy of the particles is associated with their random motion, which increases with temperature. Both potential and kinetic energies contribute to the overall internal energy of the object.
When you turn on a light bulb you are observing the law of conservation of energy at work How is the law of conservation of energy at work in the light bulb?
When an electric current flows through the lamp filament, it is doing work (W) on that filament. This causes the internal energy (U) to rise which, in turn, causes its temperature to rise. Because the temperature is now higher than the surrounding temperature, heat(Q) transfer takes place to the surroundings.The change in internal energy of the filament is equal to the following:change in U = W - QThis equation accounts for all changes in energy in the filament.
What physical factors does the average kinetic energy of molecules depend on?
The average kinetic energy of molecules depends on temperature, which is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. The kinetic energy of molecules is also affected by their mass and velocity. Temperature and molecular mass have a direct relationship with kinetic energy, while velocity has an indirect relationship.
Name 3 thermodynamic properties and give the relationship between them?
Three thermodynamic properties are internal energy (U), temperature (T), and entropy (S). The relationship between them is described by the First Law of Thermodynamics, which states that the change in internal energy of a system is equal to the heat added to the system minus the work done by the system, expressed as ΔU = Q - W. The Second Law of Thermodynamics quantifies the relationship between entropy, heat transfer, and temperature as dS = δQ/T, where dS is the change in entropy, δQ is heat transferred, and T is the temperature.
What is the relationship between temperature, pressure, and volume in determining the total internal energy of a gas?
The relationship between temperature, pressure, and volume in determining the total internal energy of a gas is described by the ideal gas law. This law states that the total internal energy of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature and is also affected by its pressure and volume. As temperature increases, the internal energy of the gas also increases. Additionally, changes in pressure and volume can affect the internal energy of the gas through their impact on the gas's temperature.
What is the relationship between the change in internal energy and the behavior of an ideal gas?
The change in internal energy of an ideal gas is directly related to its behavior. When the internal energy of an ideal gas increases, the gas typically expands and its temperature rises. Conversely, when the internal energy decreases, the gas contracts and its temperature decreases. This relationship is described by the first law of thermodynamics, which states that the change in internal energy of a system is equal to the heat added to the system minus the work done by the system.
Is the distance traveled a state function or path function?
Its a path function......but DISPLACEMENT is a state function.Distance depends on the path we followed from one state to another but displacement is a straight distance so it depends upon the states.
Which choice best explains what internal energy is as it relates to the first law of thermodynamics?
Internal energy is the sum of the randomly distributed microscopic potential energy and kinetic energy of the molecules that make up the system. The first law of thermodynamics states that: "The internal energy of a system is a function of its state. Any increase in the internal energy of a system is equal to the sum of the heat supplied to the system and the work done on the system." The first law of thermodynamics is a direct consequence of the principle of conservation of energy.
What is the total potential and kinetic energy of all microscopic particles in an object?
The total potential energy of all microscopic particles in an object is due to the interatomic forces between them, which can be significant in solid and liquid states. The total kinetic energy of the particles is associated with their random motion, which increases with temperature. Both potential and kinetic energies contribute to the overall internal energy of the object.
How is the thermal energy of a substance related to its state?
The thermal energy of a substance determines its state, since thermal energy, aka internal energy, is the energy the molecules in the substance have. If the energy exceeds the force holding the substance together the substance undergoes a phase change.The physical state of a substance is related to its temperature, the measure of thermal energy. The substance can change states depending on the temperature, e.g. boiling.
How is the thermal energy of a substance related to it physical state?
The thermal energy of a substance determines its state, since thermal energy, aka internal energy, is the energy the molecules in the substance have. If the energy exceeds the force holding the substance together the substance undergoes a phase change.The physical state of a substance is related to its temperature, the measure of thermal energy. The substance can change states depending on the temperature, e.g. boiling.
When energy flows into a system?
When energy flows into a system, it can increase the system's internal energy and potentially lead to a change in temperature, state, or other properties of the system. The first law of thermodynamics states that the energy in a system can be converted from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed.
What is the relationship between the Helmholtz free energy and the partition function in statistical mechanics?
In statistical mechanics, the Helmholtz free energy is related to the partition function through the equation F -kT ln(Z), where F is the Helmholtz free energy, k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature, and Z is the partition function. This equation describes how the Helmholtz free energy is connected to the microscopic states of a system as described by the partition function.
Examples of thermal energy?
When you rub your hand together really fast. Do your hand feel warmer after rubbing them together? That's because the particles in your hand run into each other run into each other and pass energy back and forth, which increases heat. When particle in an object run into each other, thermal energy is passed between the particle.Another AnswerThe term, 'thermal energy' is obsolete, having been replaced by the term, 'internal energy'. Internal energy is the sum total of all the energies due to the vibration of the atoms/molecules that make up any object. Internal energy is closely related to temperature and state. The higher the temperature of an object, the higher its internal energy. When a substance exists in two states at the same temperature, e.g. ice and water, the higher state (water, in this example) will have the higher internal energy.When an electric current passes through the heating element of a kettle, it does work on the water and the kettle. By 'work', we mean the process of converting one form of energy (e.g. electrical energy) into another form of energy (e.g. internal energy). When the electrical energy is converted into internal energy, the existing internal energy of the water/kettle increases, causing the temperature of the water/kettle to increase. The resulting temperature difference between the kettle and the surrounding air results in a loss of internal energy by the process of heat transfer away from the kettle.
Can heat flow from an object with less internal energy to one with more?
No, heat always flows from an object with more internal energy to one with less. This is due to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which states that heat will naturally transfer from a higher temperature to a lower temperature until thermal equilibrium is reached.
The kinetic theory states that the higher the temperature the what?
Kinetic energy is energy that an object has because of its motion. It states that the higher the temperature of a body the higher kinetic energy of its particles.
