Lithosphere
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lithosphere
Surface currents are caused by wind, and affected by the rotation of the Earth and the gravity of the moon (tides). When the oceans are deep, convection within the layers can also affect the flow of currents. * While wind currents are greatly affected by uneven heating of the Earth's surface, there is no corresponding heating of the ocean bottom by the Sun. So currents do not form spontaneously at depth.
Surface currents are caused by wind, and affected by the rotation of the Earth and the gravity of the moon (tides). When the oceans are deep, convection within the layers can also affect the flow of currents. * While wind currents are greatly affected by uneven heating of the Earth's surface, there is no corresponding heating of the ocean bottom by the Sun. So currents do not form spontaneously at depth.
Lithosphere
athenosphere and lithosphere
The two layers below Earth's surface where convection takes place are the mantle and the outer core. In the mantle, convection currents are responsible for plate tectonics and the movement of Earth's lithosphere. In the outer core, convection currents drive the movement of molten iron that generates Earth's magnetic field.
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lithosphere
geosphere
Tectonic plate movement primarily involves the lithosphere, which is the outermost rigid layer of the Earth, and the asthenosphere, which is a semi-fluid portion of the mantle beneath the lithosphere. The movement occurs due to the convection currents in the asthenosphere that drive the motion of the tectonic plates on the Earth's surface.
Currents in the magma that exists in the deeper layers of the earth. They're called convection currents.
Crustal plate movement due to convection cells occurs in the asthenosphere, which is a semi-fluid layer beneath the lithosphere. The heat-driven convection currents in the asthenosphere cause the overlying crustal plates to move and interact with each other.
The upper layers of the earth are known as the lithosphere and the mantle. The lithosophere is the upper most layer is solid. The mantle is below the lithosphere and is liquid-like (think of treacle). The liquid-like layer is heated and as such contains convection currents. these currents make the layer flow in a circurlar motion - when the liquid is hot it flows upwards towards the top and as it cools due to lower pressures, back down towards the bottom. A similar convection current can be seen when boiling a pan of water. The water will roll up the sides of the pan along the surface towards the centre and back downwards. The lithosphere sits on the top of the mantle and rides the current which contributes to plate tectonics.
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