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Hydrogen, lithium, and sodium are classified as reactive elements due to their tendency to easily lose or gain electrons, which leads to the formation of chemical bonds. Hydrogen has one electron in its outer shell and seeks to either lose it or gain another to achieve stability. Similarly, lithium and sodium each have one electron in their outermost shell, making them highly reactive, especially with nonmetals, as they readily lose this electron to form positive ions. Their reactivity increases down the group in the Periodic Table, making them more prone to react with other elements.

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