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How do the escape velocities of the jovian planets compare to the terrestrial planets?
The Jovian planets have much higher escape velocities.
What four inner planets has almost no atmosphere?
The four inner planets, also known as the terrestrial planets, are Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. Among them, Mercury has almost no atmosphere due to its small size and proximity to the Sun, which causes any gases to escape easily. Mars has a thin atmosphere, primarily composed of carbon dioxide, but it is much less substantial than Earth's. Venus has a thick atmosphere, so it does not fit the criteria of having almost no atmosphere.
If the composition of the upper atmosphere were changed so that it permitted terrestrial radiation to escape what effect would this have on earth's climate?
If the composition of the upper atmosphere allowed terrestrial radiation to escape more easily, it would lead to a cooling effect on Earth's climate. This increased ability for heat to escape into space would result in lower temperatures at the surface.
Is the escape velocity of hydrogen at mars more than it's gravity or in other words can hydrogen in gaseous state exist on the planet mars?
Hydrogen probably cannot exist for a long time on Mars. As you suggest this is because of the planet's fairly low gravity and escape velocity. It's easier for a very light atom or molecule, such as hydrogen, to reach the planet's escape velocity, caused by collisions in the atmosphere.
Why do different planets have different atmospheres?
All the sun's planets probably had similar atmospheres when they first formed, billions of years ago. The most common gases were the light gases, hydrogen and helium, with smaller amounts of oxygen, nitrogen and other gases. The immense gravity of the giant planets, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, was able to hold the hydrogen and helium, which remain the predominant gases in their atmospheres, along with methane formed by the combination of hydrogen with free carbon. However, hydrogen and helium gradually escaped from the atmospheres of the smaller planets, where gravity is insufficient to hold the light gases permanently. Even the heavier gases, such as oxygen and nitrogen, as well as carbon dioxide and water vapour, can gradually escape from smaller planets, such as Mars and Mercury. So, these planets now have quite thin atmospheres. The Moon and other small bodies in the solar system have essentially no atmosphere. In our solar system, only the Earth and Venus are the right size to lose most of the light gases, while retaining gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapour.
Which process explains why the terrestrial planets do not have hydrogen and helium in their atmospheres?
The terrestrial planets are less massive and therefore have less gravity. As a result, much of the lighter gases could escape, in the process of planet formation.
How do the escape velocities of the jovian planets compare to the terrestrial planets?
The Jovian planets have much higher escape velocities.
Why do Jovian planets have a thicker atmosphere than the terrestrial planets?
Jovian planets do not have a solid surface, therefore their atmospheres are thick all the say to where their surface would be. Their atmospheres have more gasses than those surrounding terrestrial planets.
Why is it more difficult for gases to escape from Jovian planets than terrestrial planets?
It is more difficult for gases to escape from Jovian planets because they have much stronger gravitational forces due to their larger mass, which means gases are held more tightly to the planet. Terrestrial planets have lower mass and weaker gravity, making it easier for gases to escape into space.
Why doesn't the atmosphere of the giant planets escape into space?
Gas particles (atoms, molecules) composing the atmosphere of a planet have a mass, therefore they are trapped by the gravitational field of the planet. This is not only true for giant planets but applies to all planets with atmosphere.
Why can't the atmosphere of gas giant planets escape into space?
Where a planet or moon has an atmosphere, it is the gravity of the moon or planet that holds the atmosphere on the planet or moon.
Why is hydrogen so rare in the atmosphere?
Hydrogen is so rare in Earth's atmosphere because of its light weight. It can easily escape into space due to its low molecular mass. Additionally, hydrogen tends to react with other elements, forming compounds like water (H2O), which further reduces its presence as a free gas in the atmosphere.
If the composition of the upper atmosphere were changed so that it permitted terrestrial radiation to escape what effect would this have on earth's climate?
If the composition of the upper atmosphere allowed terrestrial radiation to escape more easily, it would lead to a cooling effect on Earth's climate. This increased ability for heat to escape into space would result in lower temperatures at the surface.
Why doesn't the atmosphere of the gas giants escape into space?
Gas particles (atoms, molecules) composing the atmosphere of a planet have a mass, therefore they are trapped by the gravitational field of the planet. This is not only true for giant planets but applies to all planets with atmosphere.
Why can gases such as helium escape earth's atmosphere?
Gases like helium can escape Earth's atmosphere because they have low molecular weight, which allows them to reach escape velocity more easily. Additionally, helium is light enough to be carried away by solar winds, contributing to its escape from the atmosphere.
Which planet has more of hydrogen and helium?
Jupiter has more hydrogen and helium gas because it has more gravitational pull than any other planet so it pulls almost every gas with a greater efficiency and does not allow to escape from its atmosphere,as in the case of earth gases like (hydrogen) tends to escape easily.
Why the Earth's atmosphere do not have helium and Hydrogen?
Helium and hydrogen are very light gases that can easily escape Earth's gravitational pull. Therefore, over time, they have largely escaped from the Earth's atmosphere into space. Additionally, hydrogen can react with other elements in the atmosphere to form compounds such as water, further reducing its abundance in the atmosphere.
