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I guess the question is: Why do SOME element symbols etc. This has to do with the language in which the element has been named. lead for example has Pb as the symbol. Pb stands for plumbum which in Latin means lead.... you still recognise the same roots in the profession's name 'plumber'

The same applies for many other seemingly unrelated symbols.

Added:

Some examples

  • Sodium: Na from Latin natrium or Arabic ناترون natrun; (perhaps ultimately from Egyptian netjerj) but sodium is from Latin sodanum which was used as a headache remedy.

    The name sodium probably originates from the Arabic word suda meaning 'headache' as the headache-alleviating properties of sodium carbonate or soda were well known in early times.

  • Potassium: K from Latin kalium, first being isolated from the ashes of plants heated in pots (pot ash > potash).

    The term "potash" comes from the old-Dutch word potaschenan old method of making potassium carbonate (K2CO3) was by leaching wood ashes and evaporating the solution in large iron pots, leaving a white residue called "pot ash", which in turn gave the element its modern name.

  • Mercury: Hg from Latin hydrargyrum, a Latinized form of the Greek word Ύδραργυρος (hydrargyros), which is a compound word meaning "water-silver" (hydr- = water, argyros = silver) - since it is liquid like 'water' and shiny like 'silver'.

    Mercury is named after the Roman god Mercurius and the planet Mercury, both known for speed and mobility.

    Mercury is the only metal for which the alchemicalplanetary name became the common name in Anglo-languages. In German(-like) languages 'quicksilver' is used as root name.

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