The term geologists use for underground water is groundwater.
Gaps in time in the rock record
geologists use . topographic maps to see surface features
seismic waves \
Nuclear explosives, no! Nuclear dating methods, yes.
Miners used techniques such as panning, sluicing, dredging, and hydraulic mining to find gold. These methods involved using water to separate gold from sediment and rock. Miners also utilized metal detectors to locate gold deposits underground.
Miners used the technique of panning to separate gold from sand and pebbles in running water. They would gently swirl a pan containing the materials in water, allowing the gold to sink to the bottom while the lighter materials were washed away.
Panning is a method of mining where miners use a pan to separate gold or other precious minerals from sediment or gravel. The pan is filled with sediment and water, and by swirling the mixture, the heavier gold settles to the bottom of the pan while the lighter material washes away. This technique is commonly used by artisanal miners and prospectors in rivers and streams.
The prospectors were panning for gold every day for a month.
I use my concave dish for the purpose of panning for gold dust on nugget
some of them were panning, sluicing, dry panning, cradling, digging ect
Geologists don't use rocks, they study them.
Miners would use pans or sluice boxes to sift through sand and gravel in riverbeds. They would then use these tools to extract and collect gold nuggets and particles that had become separated from the surrounding material during the process.
Miners in 1850 typically used basic hand tools such as picks, shovels, chisels, hammers, and pans for gold panning. As mines became deeper and more industrialized, tools like drills, dynamite, and ore crushers were also utilized. Additionally, some miners used simple machinery like rocker boxes and sluice boxes for processing ore.
Miners typically use a technique called panning to separate gold from mud. This involves swirling a mixture of mud and water in a pan to allow the heavier gold particles to settle to the bottom while the lighter mud is washed away. The process is repeated until the gold is concentrated enough to be collected.
Miners use a pickaxe, a tool with a pointed end for breaking up rock or ore and a chisel end for cutting through softer materials. The pickaxe is an essential tool for extracting minerals and ores from the earth in mining operations.
Two things that geologists use is a pic and a shovel