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What keeps rock in the lower part of the mantle below their melting point?
The high pressure in the lower mantle keeps rocks solid even if they exceed their melting point, as pressure can suppress melting. Additionally, the presence of minerals with high melting points, such as silicates, contributes to the rocks remaining solid below their melting point. The slow rate of heat transfer in the solid rock also plays a role in preventing it from reaching its melting point.
What is the pressure at a depth of 5000 km below the earths surface?
At a depth of 5,000 kilometers below the Earth's surface, the pressure is estimated to be around 1.5 million atmospheres (or 150 gigapascals). This immense pressure arises from the weight of the overlying rock and the increasing density of materials as depth increases. However, it's important to note that the Earth's mantle and core are primarily composed of solid and liquid materials that behave differently under such extreme conditions.
What temperature can rock melt below earths surface?
Rock can begin to melt below the Earth's surface at temperatures ranging from approximately 650 to 1,200 degrees Celsius (1,202 to 2,192 degrees Fahrenheit), depending on the mineral composition and pressure conditions. Higher pressures found deeper in the Earth can elevate the melting point of rocks. Additionally, the presence of fluids can lower the melting temperature, facilitating the formation of magma in certain geological environments.
Rock can melt at a depth of about below Earth's surface.?
Rock can melt from 600- 1200C, depending on the type of rock, but this is assuming 1atm pressure. Under the earth, there are higher pressures, increasing the melting point. So although the rock should have melted by the mantle, which is 500-4000C and at a depth 35-2900km below the surface, it is a silly putty-like plastic solid rather than a liquid. The earth only becomes liquid at a depth of 2900km in the earth's outer core, but that is made of metal, not rock, so essentially, none of it.
Why does the troposphere not get hotter with increasing altitude?
The troposphere does not get hotter with increasing altitude because of the way temperature and pressure interact in the atmosphere. As altitude increases, air pressure decreases, leading to a decrease in temperature — a phenomenon known as the environmental lapse rate. The troposphere is heated from below by the Earth's surface, which absorbs solar radiation and warms the air directly in contact with it. Therefore, while the surface is warm, the upper layers of the troposphere remain cooler.
Which of these processes would not produce liquid rock below the surface?
Melting of a rock at temperatures below its melting point would not produce liquid rock below the surface. The other processes, such as increased temperature or pressure, would lead to the formation of liquid rock.
What is the meliting point of increasing depth below earth surface?
The melting point of rocks and minerals generally increases with depth below the Earth's surface due to the increase in pressure. The average increase is about 25-30°C per kilometer in depth. This means that at greater depths, higher temperatures are needed to melt rocks and minerals.
To what depth below Earth's surface do you have to go before the pressure and temperature cause rocks to melt?
At depths between 50 to 200 km below Earth's surface, temperatures and friction, along with the presence of water, could cause melting of subducting crustal material. Rising currents of mantle rock could melt from decompression at shallower depths.
Is the force of the water on the piers the same at the water surface as it is m below the surface?
No, the force of the water on the piers increases with depth below the surface due to the increasing pressure from the weight of water above. This is described by Pascal's law, which states that pressure in a fluid increases with depth.
If we put pressure on ice then how can it melt?
When pressure is applied to ice, the melting point decreases. This means that even if the ice is below its normal melting point, the pressure can cause it to melt. This is known as pressure melting or regelation.
How does pressure determine whether the mantle is solid or liquid?
The melting temperature of materials is affected by their confining pressure. The higher the pressure the higher the melting temperature. As such as you move deeper into the mantle, the tempraeture will increase, but because of the overlying material so to will the confining pressure which drives up the melting temperature. When high temperature mantle material moves nearer to the surface such as near a mid-ocean-ridge the confining pressure falls faster than the materials temperature and this can cause the melting point to drop below the temperature of the material leading to melting.
Where is the pressure greater . in 10 m below the surface of the sea or 20 m below the surface of the sea?
The pressure is greater at 20 m below the surface of the sea. Pressure increases with depth due to the weight of the water above. Each additional meter of depth adds more pressure, so the pressure will be higher at 20 m compared to 10 m below the surface.
Where the pressure is greater 10m above the surface of the sea 20m below the surface of the sea?
Pressure increases the deeper you sink beneath the surface of the sea. So 20 metres below the surface has more pressure than 10 metres above the surface.
What kind of pressure does a column of air exert on the air or surface below it?
A column of air exerts atmospheric pressure on the air or surface below it. This pressure is caused by the weight of the air above pushing down on the lower air or surface.
What keeps rock in the lower part of the mantle below their melting point?
The high pressure in the lower mantle keeps rocks solid even if they exceed their melting point, as pressure can suppress melting. Additionally, the presence of minerals with high melting points, such as silicates, contributes to the rocks remaining solid below their melting point. The slow rate of heat transfer in the solid rock also plays a role in preventing it from reaching its melting point.
What is the pressure at 500 m below the surface?
At a depth of 500 m below the surface, the pressure would be approximately 5 atmospheres (1 atm for every 10 m of depth).
What happens to the pressure of the earth as depth below the surface increases?
the pressure decreases the pressure increases
