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Which part of nephron contains more and less amount of glucose and urea?
The proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron contains the highest concentration of glucose, as it is the primary site for glucose reabsorption from the filtrate back into the bloodstream. Conversely, the concentration of urea is higher in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct, as these segments are involved in the secretion and concentration of waste products, including urea. Thus, glucose is abundant in the proximal convoluted tubule, while urea is more concentrated in the latter parts of the nephron.
Why concentration of urea increased in PCT?
Urea is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) of the nephron through both paracellular and transcellular pathways. The high water permeability and abundant transporters in the PCT facilitate the reabsorption of urea. If there is an increase in urea concentration in the filtrate, more urea will be reabsorbed passively and actively in the PCT to maintain urea balance in the body.
Which structure contains the lowest concentration of urea?
The structure that contains the lowest concentration of urea is typically the renal cortex of the kidney. In the nephron, as filtrate passes through the renal corpuscle and into the proximal convoluted tubule, a significant amount of urea is reabsorbed, leading to lower concentrations in these areas compared to the medulla and collecting ducts, where urea concentration increases due to water reabsorption.
How are proximal convoluted tubule cells similar to enterocytes of the small intestine?
Both proximal convoluted tubule cells and enterocytes are involved in the absorption of substances: the proximal convoluted tubule cells reabsorb substances from the filtrate in the kidney, while enterocytes absorb nutrients from the food in the small intestine. Both cell types have microvilli to increase their surface area for absorption and are polarized to facilitate the transport of substances across their membranes.
What would happen to the intracellular and extracellular concentration of urea if the kidney stopped functioning?
If the kidney stopped functioning, the intracellular concentration of urea would increase due to impaired excretion. In contrast, the extracellular concentration of urea would also increase due to the diminished clearance of urea from the blood.
Which part of nephron contains more and less amount of glucose and urea?
The proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron contains the highest concentration of glucose, as it is the primary site for glucose reabsorption from the filtrate back into the bloodstream. Conversely, the concentration of urea is higher in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct, as these segments are involved in the secretion and concentration of waste products, including urea. Thus, glucose is abundant in the proximal convoluted tubule, while urea is more concentrated in the latter parts of the nephron.
Why concentration of urea increased in PCT?
Urea is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) of the nephron through both paracellular and transcellular pathways. The high water permeability and abundant transporters in the PCT facilitate the reabsorption of urea. If there is an increase in urea concentration in the filtrate, more urea will be reabsorbed passively and actively in the PCT to maintain urea balance in the body.
Which structure contains the lowest concentration of urea?
The structure that contains the lowest concentration of urea is typically the renal cortex of the kidney. In the nephron, as filtrate passes through the renal corpuscle and into the proximal convoluted tubule, a significant amount of urea is reabsorbed, leading to lower concentrations in these areas compared to the medulla and collecting ducts, where urea concentration increases due to water reabsorption.
The sequence of structures that urea passes through in the nephron is?
Urea in the blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the Bowman's capsule, then it travels through the proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct. Urea can be reabsorbed and recycled back into the blood at various points along the nephron.
How are proximal convoluted tubule cells similar to enterocytes of the small intestine?
Both proximal convoluted tubule cells and enterocytes are involved in the absorption of substances: the proximal convoluted tubule cells reabsorb substances from the filtrate in the kidney, while enterocytes absorb nutrients from the food in the small intestine. Both cell types have microvilli to increase their surface area for absorption and are polarized to facilitate the transport of substances across their membranes.
Which substances present in the glomerular filtrate but not normally in urine?
glucose and amino acids, because they are selectively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.
What would happen to the intracellular and extracellular concentration of urea if the kidney stopped functioning?
If the kidney stopped functioning, the intracellular concentration of urea would increase due to impaired excretion. In contrast, the extracellular concentration of urea would also increase due to the diminished clearance of urea from the blood.
What enters the renal tubule?
The renal tubule receives filtrate from the renal corpuscle, which includes water, ions, glucose, amino acids, and waste products like urea and creatinine. As the filtrate passes through the proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct, various substances are reabsorbed or secreted, contributing to the final composition of urine. This process is crucial for maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance in the body.
Why does the concentration of urea increase in the collecting duct?
The collecting duct is responsible for reabsorbing water in response to antidiuretic hormone (ADH). When water is reabsorbed, urea becomes more concentrated in the filtrate that remains in the collecting duct, leading to an increase in its concentration.
How is urea reabsorbed?
40-50 % of filtered urea is reabsorbed through passive diffusion in the Proximal Convoluted Tubules. Loop of Henle, Distal Convoluted Tubules and Cortical Collecting Ducts are impermeable to urea. But secretion of urea happens in descending Loop of Henle (This helps to maintain the osmotic gradient in the medulla of the Kidney). There is also re-absorption of urea in the medullary collecting ducts.
What is reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule cells?
The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs water, glucose, amino acids, ions (such as sodium and potassium), and other nutrients from the filtrate back into the bloodstream. It also reabsorbs a majority of the filtered bicarbonate, as well as small proteins.
Can you trace the path taken by a molecule of urea from the time it is produced in the liver to the time it leaves the body in the urine?
Renal artery à afferent arteriole à glomerulus à Bowman's capsule à proximal tubule à loop of Henle à distal tubule à collecting duct --> renal pelvis --> ureter --> bladder --> urethra
