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The main mass of the atom is concentrated in its nucleus which is positively charged (for having protons). For the atom to be neutral, the nucleus is surrounded by negatively charged electrons (envelop) where their total negative charge equals the total positive charge of the nucleus.

The nucleus has the following main roles:

  • The nucleus has a certain number of protons that defines the element name
  • The nuclei of the same element may have different number number of neutrons that define the element isotopes. Those isotopes; when radioactive; may be used for medical diagnosis, medical treatment, industry equipment, agriculture R&D, dating of some excavations, fire protection, mining research, ... etc
  • some heavy nuclei (fissile material) would be used for nuclear energy generation by nuclear fission.
  • light nuclei (as deuterium and tritium) could be useful for nuclear energy generation by nuclear fusion (still under R&D and not commercially available).
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What information is most important to determine the size of the orbital?

The most important information to determine the size of an orbital includes the principal quantum number (n), which indicates the energy level and average distance of the electron from the nucleus. Additionally, the effective nuclear charge experienced by the electron and the type of orbital (s, p, d, f) also play critical roles in defining the shape and size of the orbital. Overall, these factors together influence the spatial distribution of electrons around the nucleus.


Why are there 3 subatomic particles?

Protons, neutrons, and electrons are the three main subatomic particles in an atom. Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus while electrons orbit around the nucleus. They have different properties and roles in determining the characteristics of an element.


What are the major roles of the nucleus and what parts of the nucleus carry out these roles?

functions:1: One of its functions is to store the cell's hereditary material, or DNA2: The other function is it coordinates activities, including growth and reproduction (cell division).Structures:nuclear envelope with pores, nucleolus (site of ribosome production), nucleoplasm, and chromatin (genetic material)


How is the nucleus like a heart?

The nucleus is like a heart in the sense that it is essential for the cell's survival and function. The nucleus, like the heart, contains genetic material (DNA) that regulates all cellular activities, similar to how the heart regulates blood flow in the body. Both the nucleus and the heart are vital organelles that play key roles in maintaining the overall health and functioning of the cell or organism.


What are the roles of the cell nucleus?

it controls the whole cell and other parts. it can control a plant cell, animal cell, sperm cell, egg cell etc..

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