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I believe that the appropriate property to explain this is electronegativity, which is the amount of attraction that an atom has for electrons. Compared to other elements, that number is huge for oxygen.

Why that number is huge is a little difficult to explain, but basically it's because oxygen atoms by themselves have two empty "holes" of energy that electrons could fit in. It turns out that all atoms having these empty "holes" are much more stable when they're filled rather than empty. Therefore, one oxygen atom will often find another and they will share two of their electrons with each other, effectively filling each others energy "holes" and therefore becoming more stable. By joining forces in this way, the now labeled O2 molecule has all of its energy "holes" filled and will therefore be quite reluctant to empty them back out. That's why they're hard to break apart.

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14y ago

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