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Why is entropy of saturated liquid lower than saturated vapor for any pure substance?
Because to perform the change of state from the saturated
liquid to saturated vapor ( at constant presure ) you have
to add heat in the amount of the substance's evaporation
latent heat Qev . At constant pressure, temperature will stay
fixed at its saturation temperature and the increase in
entropy will be
(delta S)ev = Qev/Tsat
where (delta S)ev is the entropy increment.
Tsat is the saturation absolute temperature of the substance.
And so the saturated vapor entropy is (delta S)ev larger than
the saturated liquid entropy.
What else can I help you with?
What aspect of a substance contributes to a high or low entropy?
The complexity or disorder of a substance contributes to its entropy. A substance with more possible arrangements of its particles has higher entropy, while a substance with limited arrangements has lower entropy.
What is an entropy change from liquid to solid as an expression?
The entropy change (( \Delta S )) from liquid to solid can be expressed as ( \Delta S = S_{\text{solid}} - S_{\text{liquid}} ), where ( S_{\text{solid}} ) is the entropy of the solid phase and ( S_{\text{liquid}} ) is the entropy of the liquid phase. Since solids are generally more ordered than liquids, this change is typically negative, indicating a decrease in entropy as the system transitions from a higher disorder (liquid) to a lower disorder (solid). This decrease reflects the loss of molecular freedom and arrangement during the solidification process.
What is ill-saturated vapour pressure of a liquid?
The vapour pressure of a substance is related to how fast it is evaporating. Vapour pressure varies directly with temperature. The hotter it is, the higher the vapour pressure. A substance boils when the vapour pressure of the liquid equals atmospheric pressure pushing down on the substance: usually taken to be 760 mm Hg or 101 kPa. If you know the vapour pressure of a substance you can estimate how much of that substance would be in air above the substance if you put it in a closed room and allowed it to equilibrate. This is called the saturated vapour concentration. If you know for instance that the lower flammable limit of the substance is 0.5% (1% = 10,000 ppm), you would be concerned about the potential for fire if the saturated vapour concentration was greater than 5000 ppm at room temperature. Without ventilation, there would be enough of the substance in air to ignite if there is a source of ignition. In a similar way, if the allowable exposure limit for the substance was an 8-hour time-weighted average of 500 ppm, you would know that it is possible to be overexposed to the substance by inhalation if the saturated vapour concentration exceeds 500 ppm. Estimate the saturated vapour concentration (SVC) using the following formula: SVC = [(vapour pressure of substance in mm Hg)/ 760 mm Hg] X 10^6 Ed Gatey BSc (Chem), CRSP, CIH
What is the process in which particles in gas or liquid moves from higher to lower concentration?
Particles in a gas or liquid moving from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration represents passive transport. This does not use energy.
Which reaction would cause a decrease in etrophy?
A reaction that leads to a decrease in entropy typically involves a transition from a more disordered state to a more ordered state. For example, the formation of ice from liquid water decreases entropy, as the molecules in ice are arranged in a structured lattice. Similarly, reactions that produce a solid or a liquid from gaseous reactants can also result in lower entropy due to the reduced freedom of movement of the particles.
What aspect of a substance contributes to a high or low entropy?
The complexity or disorder of a substance contributes to its entropy. A substance with more possible arrangements of its particles has higher entropy, while a substance with limited arrangements has lower entropy.
How does the entropy of a system change for condensation of water?
The entropy of a system typically decreases during the condensation of water. This is because the molecules of water vapor become more ordered as they transition into the liquid state, reducing the overall disorder (entropy) in the system.
Which state of matter has the lowest entropy?
Higher is the energy of the state, lower will be its rigidity. Hence, we can say that solids have lowest state of energy because they are most rigid and gases have the highest state of energy since they are fluid in nature and don't have any rigidity.
If comparing a solid liquid or gas phase of H20 which has the highest entropy?
entropy is greater the more possible arrangements for energy there are, which increases as the molecules become more mobile, so entropy is high in a gas, lower in a liquid, and lowest in a solid.
What is ill-saturated vapour pressure of a liquid?
The vapour pressure of a substance is related to how fast it is evaporating. Vapour pressure varies directly with temperature. The hotter it is, the higher the vapour pressure. A substance boils when the vapour pressure of the liquid equals atmospheric pressure pushing down on the substance: usually taken to be 760 mm Hg or 101 kPa. If you know the vapour pressure of a substance you can estimate how much of that substance would be in air above the substance if you put it in a closed room and allowed it to equilibrate. This is called the saturated vapour concentration. If you know for instance that the lower flammable limit of the substance is 0.5% (1% = 10,000 ppm), you would be concerned about the potential for fire if the saturated vapour concentration was greater than 5000 ppm at room temperature. Without ventilation, there would be enough of the substance in air to ignite if there is a source of ignition. In a similar way, if the allowable exposure limit for the substance was an 8-hour time-weighted average of 500 ppm, you would know that it is possible to be overexposed to the substance by inhalation if the saturated vapour concentration exceeds 500 ppm. Estimate the saturated vapour concentration (SVC) using the following formula: SVC = [(vapour pressure of substance in mm Hg)/ 760 mm Hg] X 10^6 Ed Gatey BSc (Chem), CRSP, CIH
Is cholesteol a liquid substance?
Cholesterol can actually be both a liquid substance and a solid substance depending on the temperature experienced by our bodies. If the temperatures are warm, then cholesterol stiffens, but in lower temperatures, it's fluidity increases.
The temperature at which a substance freezes is lower than the temperature at which it melts?
The freezing point of a substance is lower than its melting point because freezing involves the removal of thermal energy to transition from liquid to solid, while melting requires adding thermal energy to transition from solid to liquid. The freezing point is where the substance goes from a higher energy state (liquid) to a lower energy state (solid).
Can entropy effect osmosis?
In a nutshell, yes. The water will go from a higher concentration to a lower concentration to increase the entropy of the lower concentration area. The increase in entropy of the lower concentration area would be greater than the loss of entropy of the higher concentration giving you a NET increase in total entropy.
Why does a icebreg float?
water is the only substance on earth where its density is HIGHER when liquid, and LOWER when solid. a substance will float on top of another if its density is lower than the other substance. so because the ice has a LOWER density it will float on top of the water
What is the process in which particles in gas or liquid moves from higher to lower concentration?
Particles in a gas or liquid moving from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration represents passive transport. This does not use energy.
What form of carbon dioxide has the lowest entropy?
Solid carbon dioxide, also known as dry ice, has the lowest entropy among the different forms of carbon dioxide. In its solid state, the molecules are tightly packed together, resulting in a more ordered arrangement and therefore lower entropy compared to gaseous or liquid states.
What happens if density of a solid substance is more than liquid it is placed?
If the density of a solid substance is greater than that of the liquid it is placed in, the solid substance will sink to the bottom of the liquid. This occurs because objects with higher density will displace an equal volume of the lower density liquid, causing the solid to sink.
