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What are the uses of carbon heavy water and concrete in the nuclear reactor?
Carbon in the form of graphite is used in some types of reactors as the moderator*.Heavy water is used in some types of reactors as the moderator*.Light water is used in some types of reactors as the moderator*.Light water is used in most current types of reactors as coolant and in the form of steam to drive the turbines.Liquid metals (Sodium, NaK, Mercury, etc.) are used in some types of reactors as coolant.Concrete, often borated concrete to absorb neutrons better, is used in reactors as radiation shielding.*Moderator: a material that slows highly energetic fission neutrons rapidly to thermal energies to prevent their capture by Uranium-238 and increase their chance of causing more fissions of Uranium-235 to keep the reactor running.
What are the moderator used in a nuclear reactor with natural uranium?
Graphite rods are used as moderators in a nuclear reactor with natural uranium. Graphite slows down the fast neutrons released during fission reactions, allowing them to cause further reactions and sustain the chain reaction. This is necessary because natural uranium is not as efficient at sustaining a chain reaction without a moderator.
Why moderator is not used in case of fast breeder reactor?
Moderator is not used in case of fast breeder reactor because there is no need to slow down neutron energy. Nuclear fission takes place at high energy of neutrons.
A moderator is used in nuclear reactor in order to?
The moderator is there to slow down the neutrons produced by fission. These are produced with high energy, that is they move fast, but Uranium235 has a capture cross section much greater for slow neutrons, so they need to be slowed down to make the chain reaction more efficient. Graphite and heavy water are good moderators, and don't absorb too many neutrons, so they can be used even with natural (non-enriched) uranium. Normal water is not so good but it is ok if the uranium is enriched to about 4 percent U235.
What is the process by which spent uranium can be reclaimed in fast-neutron reactors?
Spent uranium is usually reclaimed in thermal-neutron reactors. This process is possible only in CANDU reactors and other similar types, which use heavey water as a moderator (a moderator slows neutrons to a speed at which they are more likely to be absorbed by a nuclei, as the neutrons impact the molecules of the moderator and are slowed). Normal water (usually refered to as light water when dealing with nuclear reactors) is H20, H being a hydrogen atom, which does slow the neutrons, but it also sometimes absorbs neutrons that impact it. This means less neutrons are getting through to the reactor core, which means once a fuel bundle has less than a certain percentage of fissionable material left in it (idealy it should be about 5% for commercial reactors, that it, before it has been used. It can only continue to be productive in a light-water reactor above about 1- 2%.), not enough neutrons are getting through to keep the reactor critical (the point where enough neutrons are being released from fissions to sustain a chain reaction), and the fuel is discarded. Heavy water, on the other hand, is D2O, with two deuterium atoms (an isotope of hydrogen which has 1 proton and 2 neutrons, instead of the regular 1 and 1). This means that the hydrogen atoms already have an extra neutron, making them less likely to absrob the neutrons they are supposed to be slowing down. Thus more neutrons are getting through, and there are enough to cause fission in a significant portion of the remaining fissionable material, allowing such reactors to run on depleted uranium.
Why moderator is not required in fast reactors?
a moderator would slow the neutrons, hindering breeding
Can a reactor without moderator is present?
Yes, they are fast nuclear reactors
Does a breeder nuclear reactor use moderator?
No, a breeder nuclear reactor does not typically use a moderator. Breeder reactors are designed to produce more fissile material than they consume by using fast neutrons to convert non-fissile isotopes into fissile ones without slowing down the neutrons.
What is used as an efficient moderator in a majority of reactors?
In a majority of reactors, water is used as an efficient moderator. It helps slow down the fast neutrons produced during nuclear reactions, making them more likely to cause further fission reactions in the reactor core.
What are the uses of carbon heavy water and concrete in the nuclear reactor?
Carbon in the form of graphite is used in some types of reactors as the moderator*.Heavy water is used in some types of reactors as the moderator*.Light water is used in some types of reactors as the moderator*.Light water is used in most current types of reactors as coolant and in the form of steam to drive the turbines.Liquid metals (Sodium, NaK, Mercury, etc.) are used in some types of reactors as coolant.Concrete, often borated concrete to absorb neutrons better, is used in reactors as radiation shielding.*Moderator: a material that slows highly energetic fission neutrons rapidly to thermal energies to prevent their capture by Uranium-238 and increase their chance of causing more fissions of Uranium-235 to keep the reactor running.
Are there more fast breeder or thermal nuclear reactors?
Most nuclear reactors are thermal-neutron reactors. A few fast breeder reactors have been built, but not many.
What is a moderator when it concerns nuclear energy?
A moderator is a material that slows fast neutrons.
Which one among the following is used as a moderator in nuclear reactors?
The most common moderator used in nuclear reactors is water, particularly light water (H2O). Water slows down the fast neutrons produced during fission reactions, allowing them to more easily induce further fission events.
How much temperature can be controlled by liquid sodium in nuclear reactors?
Liquid sodium has been used as a coolant in fast reactors, because it does not slow down and absorb fast neutrons. It does not control the nuclear reaction directly, for that variable neutron absorbers are required.
What is the moderator in US nuclear power plants?
Neutrons released from the fissioning, or splitting, of Uranium or Plutonium atoms collide with the molecules of the moderator, losing some of their energy in the process. This slows the neutrons down (slow neutrons are referred to as "thermal" neutrons") so that they are more likely to cause fission when colliding with another Uranium or Plutonium atom. In the most common types of reactors the moderator used is ordinary distilled water which is also used as the coolant for the reactor. Graphite and heavy water can also be used, and there are types of reactors which use no moderator at all - they operate on "fast" neutrons alone.
What has the author Karl Wirtz written?
Karl Wirtz has written: 'Lectures on fast reactors' -- subject(s): Fast reactors
What is the coolant used in kalpakkam power station in India?
Kalpakkam has both Thermal reactor (Madras Atomic Power Station) and Fast Breeder Reactor -FBTR and PFBR (Under construction). In MAPS (thermal reactor) it is Heavy Water (D2O) Which acts as a coolant as well as moderator, where as in Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR) and Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) Sodium (Na) is used as coolant. Since there should not any moderators for fast reactors D2O will not be used as coolant in fast reactors.
