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Neptunium is radioactive because it has an unstable nucleus due to an excess of neutrons compared to protons. This instability causes it to undergo radioactive decay, primarily through beta decay, where a neutron is converted into a proton while emitting a beta particle. As a result, neptunium has a range of isotopes with varying half-lives, contributing to its classification as a radioactive element. This characteristic is typical of many actinides, where heavy Atomic Mass leads to instability.

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