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In most organisms the start of translation is signaled by an AUG codon. What is the first amino acid in most proteins?
In most organisms, the first amino acid in proteins is methionine, which is encoded by the AUG codon. Methionine serves as the initiation signal for translation, although it can be removed post-translationally in some proteins. In prokaryotes, a modified form called N-formylmethionine (fMet) is often used at the start of protein synthesis.
Why only prokaryotes have ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen?
Only prokaryotes can fix atmospheric nitrogen due to the presence of the nitrogenase enzyme, which is essential for converting nitrogen gas (N₂) into ammonia (NH₃). This process occurs in specialized cells or structures, such as root nodules in legumes, where prokaryotes like Rhizobium live symbiotically with plants. Eukaryotes lack the necessary biochemical pathways and the nitrogenase enzyme, making them incapable of directly fixing atmospheric nitrogen. Consequently, prokaryotes play a crucial role in the nitrogen cycle and ecosystem nutrient dynamics.
Are mitochondria n found in a prokaryotes cell?
No,they cannot be found.They are only found in eukariyotic cells
What is the differences n prokaryotic cells and eukaryoti cells?
The simplest answer is that prokaryotic cells do not have a membrane-bound nucleus, and eukaryotic cells do. The nucleus is a compartment where the cell stores its genetic information (DNA). Prokaryotes' DNA is simply within the cytoplasm. Another simple difference is that eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, whereas prokaryotes lack this feature.
What is one way that bacteria n archaea differ?
Archaea: cell membrane contains ether linkages; cell wall lacks peptidoglycan; genes and enzymes behave more like Eukaryotes; have three RNA polymerases like eukaryotes; and extremophilesBacteria: cell membrane contains ester bonds; cell wall made of peptidoglycan; have only one RNA polymerase; react to antibiotics in a different way than archea do.
When a protein is synthesized what amino acid is always the first amino acid that is positioned during any protein synthesis?
"AUG" actually corresponds to a region of code on mRNA and is NOT an amino acid. The tRNA that has the anticodon 5' CAU 3' and recognizes AUG is a tRNA charged with Methionine. Therefore, methionine is the first amino acid incorporated into a growing polypeptide. Note this is true for only eukaryotes, prokaryotes have N-formyl methionine as their first amino acid.
In most organisms the start of translation is signaled by an AUG codon. What is the first amino acid in most proteins?
In most organisms, the first amino acid in proteins is methionine, which is encoded by the AUG codon. Methionine serves as the initiation signal for translation, although it can be removed post-translationally in some proteins. In prokaryotes, a modified form called N-formylmethionine (fMet) is often used at the start of protein synthesis.
What happens to the terminal methionine in most proteins that are produced?
Methionine is an important amino acid that helps to initiate messenger RNA as the standing in the N terminal position. Removal of the n terminal is the earliest possible chemical modification that can occur in protein synthesis.
What is the starting amino acid for the beta globin protein?
Methionine. Protein translation starts at the start codon (AUG) which also codes for methionine. It means all proteins start with methionine at their N-terminus, although it's usually removed by post-translational modification.
Why only prokaryotes have ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen?
Only prokaryotes can fix atmospheric nitrogen due to the presence of the nitrogenase enzyme, which is essential for converting nitrogen gas (N₂) into ammonia (NH₃). This process occurs in specialized cells or structures, such as root nodules in legumes, where prokaryotes like Rhizobium live symbiotically with plants. Eukaryotes lack the necessary biochemical pathways and the nitrogenase enzyme, making them incapable of directly fixing atmospheric nitrogen. Consequently, prokaryotes play a crucial role in the nitrogen cycle and ecosystem nutrient dynamics.
What are three ways that prokaryotes and eukartyotes are the same?
Similarities: * Cell Wall (Prokaryotyic d/n contain cellulose) * Plasma Membrane * Chromosomes * Similar in metabolic processes * Can make own food, Eukaryotic = Autotrophs and Chemoautotrops *
Why methionine is removed from protein in post translation modification?
Methionine is the amino acid associated with the AUG sequence on mRNA. The AUG sequence also indicates the beginning of a gene. Though the AUG sequence is necessary for gene expression, methionine is not necessary for all proteins. This is why it is usually removed after translation.
Are mitochondria n found in a prokaryotes cell?
No,they cannot be found.They are only found in eukariyotic cells
What is the differences n prokaryotic cells and eukaryoti cells?
The simplest answer is that prokaryotic cells do not have a membrane-bound nucleus, and eukaryotic cells do. The nucleus is a compartment where the cell stores its genetic information (DNA). Prokaryotes' DNA is simply within the cytoplasm. Another simple difference is that eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, whereas prokaryotes lack this feature.
How does eukaryotic cell division differ from cell division in a prokaryotic cell?
Eukaryotic cell division involves a more complex process called mitosis or meiosis, which includes multiple phases such as prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. This results in the formation of two daughter cells with a complete set of chromosomes. In prokaryotic cells, the division process is simpler and is called binary fission, where the cell replicates its DNA and divides into two equal daughter cells.
What are the basic steps of protein synthesis?
Initiation: ribosome starts translation at start codon (AUG) Elongation: amino acid chain gets longer and longer as tRNA bring corresponding amino acids Termination: ribosome ends translation at stop codon or termination sequence (UAG, UGA, UAA) Post-translational Modification: protein splicing occurs (intein excission for final protein functionality); N-terminal and C-terminal modification (removed in prokaryotes and acetylated in eukaryotes); chemical modification (phosphorylation/dephosphorylation or glycosylation); protein folding
What is one way that bacteria n archaea differ?
Archaea: cell membrane contains ether linkages; cell wall lacks peptidoglycan; genes and enzymes behave more like Eukaryotes; have three RNA polymerases like eukaryotes; and extremophilesBacteria: cell membrane contains ester bonds; cell wall made of peptidoglycan; have only one RNA polymerase; react to antibiotics in a different way than archea do.
