It is mostly because elements have many isotopes and their average comes to be also fractional.We cannot weigh the atom therefore its Atomic Mass is fractional.Even elements with only 1 naturally occurring isotope have fractional mass. This is because the nuclear binding energy is a very large (negative) energy, and it shows up in the atomic mass because of the relativistic adjustment that has to be made --
E= mc2
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Atomic mass is not the same as atomic weight. It refers to the weight in amu (atomic mass units ) of a specific isotope. These weights are not whole numbers, the mass of protons and neutrons are slightly different and there is the phenomenon of binding energy of the nucleus which is obseved as a difference in mass (sometimes expressed as the packing fraction). For atomic weights the main reason is that naturally occuring elements consist of mixtures of isotopes.
No two elements may have the same atomic number. But two elements may have same atomic mass. Hence atomic number is better than atomic mass.
By Atomic Mass
Atomic Mass.
Gold is a meta element. Atomic Mass of it is 197.
Elements also possess isotopes. So their average atomic mass is rarely whole number.
Atomic mass is not the same as atomic weight. It refers to the weight in amu (atomic mass units ) of a specific isotope. These weights are not whole numbers, the mass of protons and neutrons are slightly different and there is the phenomenon of binding energy of the nucleus which is obseved as a difference in mass (sometimes expressed as the packing fraction). For atomic weights the main reason is that naturally occuring elements consist of mixtures of isotopes.
The atomic mass of an isotope of an element is the mass of the nucleons (neutrons + protons) in an atom of that isotope. This is nearly, though not exactly, equal to the number of nucleons, and so is nearly a whole number.The main cause for the atomic mass being fractional is that most elements have numerous isotopes, each with a different number of neutrons and so a different atomic mass. The atomic mass for an element is the average of the atomic masses of all its isotopes, weighted together in the proportion of the isotopes' abundance on earth. It is this weighting together that results in the numbers being fractional.
Generally the term "atomic mass" is used for isotopes. For elements is preferred now "atomic weight".
No two elements may have the same atomic number. But two elements may have same atomic mass. Hence atomic number is better than atomic mass.
By Atomic Mass
The molar mass of a compound is the sum of atomic weights of the contained elements in the molecule.The expression atomic weight is correct for elements; for isotopes is correct atomic mass.
Gold is a meta element. Atomic Mass of it is 197.
Atomic Mass.
Iron is a metal element. Atomic mass of it is 55.84.
I suppose that you think to atomic weights (not mass) of chemical elements and the molecular mass.
Mendeleev arranged the elements in the periodic table according to their atomic masses.