Electrons typically combine with protons and molecular oxygen to produce energy-carrying molecules like ATP (adenosine triphosphate) during cellular respiration. In this process, electrons are transferred through the electron transport chain, ultimately reducing oxygen to form water and facilitating the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. This energy is then utilized by cells for various metabolic processes.
NADP+
In Photosystem I, excited electrons are transferred to the electron carrier molecule ferredoxin. These electrons then reduce NADP+ to form NADPH, an energy-carrying molecule that is essential for the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis. This process occurs in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, playing a crucial role in converting light energy into chemical energy.
The molecule formed will be water. H+ + OH- = H2O.
a condensation reaction or a dehydration reaction
An ester is produced by combining an alcohol and a carboxylic acid in a condensation reaction. This reaction results in the formation of an ester molecule and a molecule of water as a byproduct.
NADP+
NDHP+
Electrons combine with protons from the hydrogen atom to produce an energy-carrying molecule called ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through a process known as oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria. ATP is the primary energy currency of the cell, providing energy for various cellular processes.
In Photosystem I, excited electrons are transferred to the electron carrier molecule ferredoxin. These electrons then reduce NADP+ to form NADPH, an energy-carrying molecule that is essential for the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis. This process occurs in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, playing a crucial role in converting light energy into chemical energy.
When two atoms combine, they form a molecule. The type of molecule formed depends on the atoms involved and the type of bond they create (ionic, covalent, or metallic). The combination of two atoms allows them to share, gain, or lose electrons to achieve a more stable configuration.
The molecule formed will be water. H+ + OH- = H2O.
a condensation reaction or a dehydration reaction
One carbon atom and one oxygen atom combine to produce one carbon monoxide (C0) molecule.
An ester is produced by combining an alcohol and a carboxylic acid in a condensation reaction. This reaction results in the formation of an ester molecule and a molecule of water as a byproduct.
In light reactions of photosynthesis, electrons are reduced by the pigment molecule chlorophyll to produce NADPH and ATP. These reduced molecules carry energy and electrons to the Calvin cycle for the synthesis of carbohydrates.
The hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atoms in the glucose molecule provide electrons during cellular respiration. These electrons are transferred to the electron transport chain to produce ATP.
NADPH