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In Jewish law, the act of creating a spark by turning on a light is considered lighting a fire, which is prohibited on Shabbat. Observant Jews refrain from using electricity or turning on lights during Shabbat to adhere to this prohibition.
Reporting progress of assigned tasks.
Yes, you can work right after Shabbat, but it depends on your personal beliefs and practices. For those who observe Shabbat, work is generally prohibited during the Sabbath, which lasts from Friday evening until Saturday night. After Shabbat ends, many people return to their regular activities, including work. However, it's important to respect individual choices and beliefs regarding this transition.
In Judaism, cutting hair is generally not permitted on Friday, as it is considered a form of work that is prohibited on Shabbat, the Jewish day of rest. This practice is based on the interpretation of the prohibition against work on Shabbat in the Torah.
Blowing the Shofar is a form of musical instrument, and playing musical instruments is generally prohibited on Shabbat to honor the day's rest. However, there are exceptions to this rule, like during the High Holidays when it is allowed to blow the Shofar.
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If they are observant Jews they walk to temple on Saturdays because it is forbidden to drive on Shabbat. The observance of the Jewish sabbath has many laws, the creation of a anything is prohibited. Starting a car creates a spark, so it is forbidden.
G-d did not create anything new on Shabbat; the 7th day of rest. All of creation was completed in the first 6 days of creation. Since then G-d has been maintaining the world, but not creating anything new. To commemorate this, Judaism defines 39 categories of creative work which are forbidden on Shabbat. E.g.: baking, planting and lighting fires. See http://www.answers.com/topic/39-categories-of-activity-prohibited-on-shabbat for an introduction to these 39 categories.
Although it would seem that there'd be no issue riding a bike during Shabbat, this activity is not allowed. The reason behind this prohibition is the scenario of the bike breaking in some way while you're away from home. If, let's say, the chain fell off the bike, you would not be able to put it back on as that's a form of prohibited work. Also, you would not be able to carry the bike home as that too would be a prohibited form of work.
Any marriages on Shabbat are strictly prohibited by Orthodox and Conservative Jews, and by reason of custom, completely discouraged by Reform Jews. Most Jews that marry on Saturday are secular Jews, and therefore would not be married during a prayer service.
You should not bring any portable electronic devices (cell phones, laptops, pagers, etc.) nor should you be carrying anything such as a backpack or groceries. In fact, any item prohibited for use by Jews on Shabbat should not be brought to the Western Wall on Shabbat.
It is a Minhag (Tradition) that the woman of the house lights the Shabbat candles. (The reason for this is mentioned in the Talmud, that says that this is a Tikun (a correction, an amendment) to the "original sin" of Hava (Eve)) According to many Poskim (Rabbis) this act is a declaration of Kabbalat Shabbat (Welcoming the Shabbat) and thus the woman is usually the first to start the shabbat.