Yes, there is typically a comma after "i.e." when it is used in parentheses. For example: "The meeting will be held at 3 PM (i.e., the usual time)." The comma helps clarify the information that follows.
No.
Yes, a comma should precede "i.e." when it is used in a sentence to introduce an explanation or clarification.
a comma following the word as. IE. As well as,
Every style manual I have referenced indicates that the proper use is to include the comma so that it looks like this: i.e.,
ie RULE: Two periods within and a comma before and after (i.e.,) He answered many questions right, i.e., he knew the answer to etesian wind. ie RULE: Two periods within and a comma before and after (i.e.,) He answered many questions right, i.e., he knew the answer to etesian wind.
It is now accepted in the UK that a billion is 1,000,000,000 (one thousand million), (it used to be 1,000,000,000,000 ie, one million million). We use the comma, though I believe the period is used in the USA? Therefore, where I've shown a comma, simply assume it is a period if you are in the USA!
last comma before the and is not necessary
No, there is not a comma after "except that."
5 comma 300 comma 000 comma 000 comma 000 comma 000.
When "but" is used as a connective (ie. to join to sentences, with one being a negative addition to the other), it requires a preceeding comma, usefully also denoting the natural pause in speech that should occur at the same point.However, use of "but" in other contexts will primarily not require commas, eg. when used as a colloquial reference to one's backside.
you do not have to put the comma there
cut the comma in half