Pashtunistan refers to the proposed region that encompasses the traditional homeland of the Pashtun people, primarily located in parts of Afghanistan and Pakistan. It is often associated with the desire for greater autonomy or recognition of Pashtun identity and rights, particularly in areas like Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan in Pakistan, as well as southern Afghanistan. The concept has historical roots and is sometimes tied to discussions about national boundaries and ethnic self-determination. However, the idea remains contentious and politically sensitive, as it intersects with national sovereignty and regional stability.