The Four Kinds of Meaning
Richards shows an interest in the effect of poems on the reader. He tends to locate poem in readers response. The being of the poem seems to exist only in the readers. Poetry is a form of words that organizes our attitudes. Poetry is composed of pseudo statements, therefore it is effective. He talks about the close analysis of a text. Like a new critics, he values irony. He praises the irony and says that it is characteristics of poetry of higher order. In "The Forth Kinds of Meaning", he talks about functions of language. Basically he points out four types of functions or meaning that the language has to perform.
Sense
What speaker or author speaks is sense. The thing that the writer literally conveys is sense. Here, the speaker speaks to arouse the readers thought. The language is very straightforward which is descriptive. This language is not poetic. Words are used to direct the hearer's attraction up on some state of affairs or to excite them. Sense is wantness of language use.
Feeling
Feeling is writer's emotional attitude towards the subject. It means writer's attachment or detachment to the subject is feeling. It is an expression. The speaker or writer uses language to express his views. This very language is emotive, poetic and literary also. Here only, rhyme and meter cannot make poetry to be a good, emotion is equally important. Especially in lyric poem, emotion plays vital role.
Tone
Tone refers to attitude of speaker towards his listener. There is a kind of relation between speaker and listener. Since speaker is aware of his relationship with language and with the listener, he changes the level of words as the level of audience changes. It means tone varies from listener to listener.
Intention
Intention is the purpose of speaker. Speaker has certain aim to speak either it is consciously or unctuously. Listener has to understand the speaker's purpose to understand his meaning. If the audience can't understand his purpose the speaker becomes unsuccessful. The intention of author can be found in dramatic and semi- dramatic literature.
There four types of meaning in totality constitute the total meaning of any text. Therefore all utterances can be looked at from four points of view, revealing four kinds of meaning are not easily separated. But they are in dispensable terms for explaining. Basically, the four meaning are interconnected in poetry.
Doctrine in Poetry
Here Richards talks about the proper way of analyzing the text and what critic and reader should be like. He tends to locate the poem in readers response to it. It means readers analyze the text and respond any poetry from similar judgmental aspects. It shows every reader produces same meaning from same text as the text is organic whole obstacles and barriers the variation of meaning occurs.
His ideas are oriented toward distinguishing the belief of readers from that of the poets. If there occurs contradiction between the belief of readers and the belief of poets, the readers do not get sole meaning from the text. Because of readers' temperament and personal experience, they don't get same meaning from the text The obstacle that brings variation in meaning is doctrinal belief of readers.
athenian theater, medieval theater, Elizabethan theater, and panoramic theater the difference between the four is their architectural design only
Poetry is different from other kinds of writings because poetry usually rhymes, novels and such does not rhyme. Poetry is usually formed into a four line stanza, but it does not have to be. It can range form two lines to five lines.
Eventually, she was let out , and four years later remarried.
A poem with four lines is called Quatrain
Mississippi (four i's)
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The four kinds of meaning are: referential meaning (denotation), connotative meaning (association or emotional connection), social meaning (cultural or societal implications), and affective meaning (personal or subjective interpretation).
The four types of sentences according to function include a declarative sentence and interrogative sentence. The other two are imperative sentences and exclamatory sentences.
The four kinds of diction are formal (polished, standard language), informal (casual, everyday language), colloquial (conversational language specific to a region or group), and slang (informal language often used in a playful or trendy way).
They are the four kinds of nucleotide bases.
There are four kinds of elegy.
Kinds of Nouns:SingularPluralCommonProperAbstractConcreteCountUncountable (mass)PossessiveCollectiveCompoundGerunds
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Nurse, doctor, engineering, architect are four kinds of career.
The four different kinds of fungi are:-ZygomycetesAscomycetesBasidiomycetesDeutereomycetesThe different kinds of fungi are:- ZygomycetesAscomycetesBasidiomycetesDeuteromycetes.