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The short-circuit current rating of a cable is the thermal energy it withstands in the short time (normally berween 0,2 and 3 seconds) a short-circuit holds out, till it is limited by the opening of a circuit breaker or the melting of a fuse. This thermal energy strain is characterized in electrical engineering by the product I2t. It order to make this rating independent of the cross section A of the cable, we prefer to replace I by the normalized intensity strain I/A. The modified thermal withstand becomes now

(I/A)2t. In this form it depends only on the conductor material, inversely on the initial temperature of conductor before the short circuit and directly on the final temperature of conductor after the short circuit. The last two temperatures depend on the material of the cable's insulation and on the normal operating current of the cable. All these are embodied in a factor K so that (I/A)2t=K. We can find values of K in form of tables or formulas in technical literature. According to the international standards, the coefficient K takes on the following values where K [(A/mm2)s1/2]:

  • K=115 for copper conductors with PVC insulation
  • K=135 for copper conductors with insulation XPLE or EPR
  • K=74 for aluminum conductors with PVC insulation
  • K=115 for the connections of copper conductors with tin solder

    The short-circuit rating of a cable is useful because we must compare this rating with the specific let-through energy I2t of the overcurrent protective device in correspondence with the maximum short-circuit current of the installation. If it is smaller, it is quite possible under short-circuit conditions that the cable will be damaged, although the protective device will open the faulted circuit without damage to itself.

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