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What is abhinaya?
Abhinaya is the use of the face and hands in an expressive manner, in an Indian dance.
What is a Jathiswaram and how is it different from the other pieces in a Dance repetoire?
Jathiswaram is a song consisting of only swaras(notes) and jathis(complex beats) to which the dancer dances while having no abhinaya, or expression. It shows how versatile the dancer is, and her capabilities. It is differenf from other dances in that other dances involve abhinaya, and tell a story through facial expressions, and how the body moves to the music to narrate the story. Jathiswaram does not do this.
How many mudras are there in bharatanatyam?
There are different mudras, depending on the source. In Natya Shastra there are more than are described in Abhinaya Darpanam.Prof.Raghuraman of Kalakshetra is working on translation of Koothanool which contains over 300 hastas/mudras.
Bharatnatyam is the dance of which state?
bharatanatyam dancers are all about many different things. sometimes, we are trying to get a story across to the audience - could be mythological, or personal. bharatanatyam is also composed of rigorous footwork, which are made to match the rhythms of the mridangam and tabla players/musicians. mainly bharatanatyam is a very old dance form done by both genders to convey feeling, storytelling, and rhythm. Bharatanatyam, in its highest moment, is the embodiment of music in a visual form", said Balasaraswathi. The sastra's stipulated that a dedicated dancer must be equally dedicated to music. In her demonstrations of Bharata natyam abroad, Balasaraswathi emphasised the connection between dance movement and raga (tune) expression in abhinaya (mime), with the subtle expressions of gamakas (voice modulations), intonations of sruti, and the development of improvisation in niraval" Most of the contemporary choreographers and dancers may use some of the formal Bharatanatyam technique or its elements to stage group performances presenting various themes such as nationalism, unity of religions, the sanctity of the environment, the animal rights activism, the greatness of a king or a political party, or even the delightfulness of Coca-Cola. In Vande Mataram, a dance festival organised under the auspices of Natyarangam, a project of Narada Gana Sabha in 1997 in Chennai, there was a host of topics: the caste and reservation systems, threat of nuclear weapons, evils of the current education system, bribery, religious fanaticism,AIDS, the population explosion, corruption in politics, secularism, the Dandi March, literacy, agriculture,the greed for riches, the Chinese aggression, mechanisation, industrialisation. Most recently, some dancers of Nrityanjali Academy (Andhra Pradesh) managed to draw their divine inspiration even from Condom Songs. The true Bharatanatyam is not a vulgar form of entertainment but a sacred ritual that is supposed to bring the rasanubhava (catharsis, or spiritual upliftment) to the rasika (audience) and the dancer.
What are mudras?
Simple answer: they are symbolic or ritual gestures usually made with the hands or fingers, but can involve the whole body. The following (first) answer provides much detail (perhaps too much). ***** One of the striking features of the classical Indian dances is the use of the hand gestures. Strictly speaking they form a part of the angikabhinaya, expression through body to convey meaning and expressions. However, hand gestures known as nirtta hastas are employed for the sake of beauty and decorative purpose while performing nritta, pure dance. Therefore nirtta hastas do not convey any meaning. In Natyashastra, the hastas are classified into three categories: asamyuta(single), samyuta ( double) and nritta (pure danced) hastas. Another text, the Abhinayadarpana, describes the hand gestures and also lists the usages. The usages are called viniyogas The Natyashastra enumerate twenty-four asamyata, thirteen samyuta and twenty-seven nritta hastas. Similarly, there are differences in the number of the usages in these texts. The Natyashastra lists 35 viniyogas of the pataka hasta, whereas the Abhinayadarpana lists forty. After the revival of the Bharata Natyam, most of the dancers mainly follow the Abinayadarpana. The usages are taught by the gurus along with the placement of the hands. The relative expression is registered on the face by the dancer to suggest or convey the meaning and the import of the song or sahitya. The Abhinayadarpana mentions that a dancer should sing the song by the throat, express the meaning of the song through the hand gestures, show the state of her being by her eyes and keep the time with her feet. It further states that where go the hands, there the glance follows; where go the glances, the mind follows; where goes the mind, the mood follows; and where the mood is, there is a rasa or flavour. So vast is the art of hand gestures that it covers almost all the aspects of human life and the universe. The asamyuta and samyuta hastas are capable of expressing a number of things, including abstract concepts like beauty and truth. They express, interpret, describe and narrate several things, objects , actions and concepts. This process forms the language of the hastas. The hand gestures also describe the time element. They compress an interval of a period, say from the eighth of the waxing moon to the full moon. The dancer turns ardhachandra hasta into alapadma hasta and suggests the passage of time. Hastas scale distance between the lotus and the moon. The flowers open up from the fingers of the dancer and the brids fly off their tips. The hands can command, request, reject, admonish and make love. They establish a relationship between two objects in the manner a poet does through a simile and metaphor. For example, pataka, one of the asamyuta hastas where the thumb is bent and the fingers are stretched and held closed together, has several usages which cover a variety of things and actions. The Abhinayadarpana mentions that it is used in the beginning of natya, to denote the clouds, a forest, forbidding things, the bosom, night, a river, the region of the gods etc. When the two pataka hastas join the palm it is called anjali hasta. It is one of the samyuta hasta. It is used for salutations. The Abhinayadarpana mentions that the anjali hasta is to be held on the head, face and bosom respectively in the salutation of a deity, a preceptor and a brahmana. The Abhinayadarpana further lists the hastas for castes like the brahmanas, kshatriyas, vaishyas and shudras; relationships such as husband and wife, mother, father, mother-in-law, father-in-law, husband's brother, husband's sister, elder and younger brothers,sons, daughter-in-law and co-wife. There are hand gestures for the Gods Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva, Ganesha, Kartikeya, Indra, Manmatha, Yama, Nirutti, Varuna, Vayu and Kubera; goddesses like Lakshmi, Saraswati and Parvati; hand gestures for ten incarnation ofVishna such as Matsya, Kurma, Varaha, Narasimha, Vamana, Parashurama, Rama, Balarama, Krishna and Kalki; hand gestures for representing the nine planetary dieties the Sun, Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, Saturn, Rahu and Ketu. The language of hand gestures enables the dancer to express practically anything. It augments the communication, enhances the impact of the abhinayas and endows it with poetry. The hands have life, hastapranah and invest the classical dance-form with an enchanting quality. Certain selected Hastas are employed along with the footwork while dancing the Nritta sequences or items and these Hastas are therefore referred to as Nritta-Hastas. Pataka, Tripataka, Ardhapataka, Katakamukha, Alapadma, Shikhara, Kapittha, Dola, Mrigasheersha, Chatura, Tamrachooda, Anjali, Swasthika, Katakavardhana etc are such decorative Hastas which while displayed alongwith Adavus do not signify any meaning but help the execution of Adavus. Abhinaya Darpana, lays down this famous Sloka: " Yatho Hasta Thatho Drishti, YathoDrishti Thatho Manah Yatho Manah Thatho Bhaava, Yatho Bhaava Thatho Rasa " This can be roughly translated as follows… Where the hands(hasta) are, go the eyes (drishti); where the eyes are, goes the mind(mana); where the mind goes, there is an expression of inner feeling (Bhava) and where there is bhava, mood or sentiment(rasa) is evoked. Hand gestures of Bharatanatyam are classified as ASAMYUTHA HASTHA - Single hand gestures SAMYUTHA HASTHA - Double hand gestures There are 28 Asamyutha Hasthas and 24 Samyutha Hasthas. Each Hastha has a defined usage called Viniyoga. ASAMYUTHA HASTHA (SINGLE HAND GESTURES) Pataka Tripatakordhapataka Kartareemukhaha Mayurakyordhachandrashcha Arala Shukatundakaha Mushtishta Shikarakyashcha Kapitha Katakamukhaha Suchee Chandrakala Padmakosham Sarpashirastata Mrugasheersha Simhamukho Langulasolapadmakaha Chaturo Bramarashchiva Hamsasyo Hamsapakshakaha Samdamsho Mukulashchiva Tamrachooda Trishoolakaha Ashtavimshatihastha Naam Evam Naamaanivikramat. SAMYUTHA HASTHA (DOUBLE HAND GESTURES) Anjalishcha Kapotashcha Karkata Swastikastatha Dolahastha Pushpaputaha Utsanga Shivalingakaha Katakavardhanashchiva Kartaree Swatikastata Shakata Shankha Chakrecha Samputa Pasha Keelakau Matsya Koorma Varahashcha Garudonagabandakaha Khatwa Bherundakakhyashcha Avahitastathivacha Chaturvimshatisankhyakaha Samyuta Katithakaraha Different schools and styles of dance use different hand gestures and different terms for the same hand gestures. Most have a fairly similar set of terms that largely overlap with this list, but many may be different in the details. It is largely a case of individual style, and the important thing is to communicate the ideas clearly.
What is abhinaya?
Abhinaya is the use of the face and hands in an expressive manner, in an Indian dance.
What is the meaning for abhinaya in Tamil language?
Expression
What has the author son of Bhojadeva Jayadeva written?
son of Bhojadeva Jayadeva has written: 'Gita govinda, with abhinaya' 'Gitagovindakavyam'
What actors and actresses appeared in Anubhava - 1984?
The cast of Anubhava - 1984 includes: Abhinaya as Gauri Umashree as Padmi
What actors and actresses appeared in Abhinaya - 1938?
The cast of Abhinaya - 1938 includes: Dhiraj Bhattacharya as Hirak Roy Sadhona Bose as Manisha Ahindra Choudhury as Pitambar Choudhury Preeti Majumdar as Ajoy Mallick Lalit Mitra as Kunjababu Satya Mukherjee as Booking clerck Pratima Mukherjee as Rajkumari Ratna
What actors and actresses appeared in Isaac Newton Son of Philipose - 2013?
The cast of Isaac Newton Son of Philipose - 2013 includes: Lal Abhinaya
What has the author Ubhayakar Shivaram Krishna Rao written?
Ubhayakar Shivaram Krishna Rao has written: 'Abhinaya kale' -- subject(s): Dance, Gesture
What is a Jathiswaram and how is it different from the other pieces in a Dance repetoire?
Jathiswaram is a song consisting of only swaras(notes) and jathis(complex beats) to which the dancer dances while having no abhinaya, or expression. It shows how versatile the dancer is, and her capabilities. It is differenf from other dances in that other dances involve abhinaya, and tell a story through facial expressions, and how the body moves to the music to narrate the story. Jathiswaram does not do this.
What actors and actresses appeared in Naadodigal - 2009?
The cast of Naadodigal - 2009 includes: Ananya as Nallamaal Bharani as Paandi Abhinaya as Pavithra Vijay Vasanth as Chandran
What has the author Jai Shankar Prasad written?
Jai Shankar Prasad has written: 'Indrajala' 'Abhinaya Candragupta' -- subject(s): Drama 'Skandagupta Vikramaditya' -- subject(s): Drama 'Ansu =' 'Iravati' -- subject(s): Fiction 'Titali'
What actors and actresses appeared in Azhagiya Tamizh Magan - 2007?
The cast of Azhagiya Tamizh Magan - 2007 includes: Sriman as Athlete Namitha as Dhanalakshmi Shakeela as Shakeela Appukutty as Temple Boy Shriya Saran as Abhinaya Sayaji Shinde as Corrupt jeweller Ashish Vidyarthi as Anand Chelliah
How many items in bharatanatyam margam?
Before Tanjore Quartet, there were 18 items.Now, there will be about 6 or 7 numbers in a bharatanatyam margam: pushpanjali, allaripu, jatiswaram, varnam, thillana, and shabdam and/or padam. in an arangetram, some students choose to do extra numbers by dancing more than one abhinaya (expressions) piece.
