A stable nuclear fission reaction will be sustained if every fission produces one additional fission reaction.
Gibb's free energy (ΔG) indicates whether a reaction is spontaneous (ΔG < 0) or non-spontaneous (ΔG > 0) at a given temperature and pressure. A negative ΔG means the reaction releases usable energy, while a positive ΔG means energy input is required for the reaction to proceed. Additionally, the magnitude of ΔG can provide insights into the extent to which a reaction will proceed towards completion.
acts in the opposite direction with equal magnitude. This is described by Newton's third law of motion: for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
A runaway chain reaction.It is called super criticality, with KEffective > 1.When one fission reaction instigates more than one or more fission reactions it is called a Chain Reaction.KEffective is the neutron multiplication factor which is an indication of whether a reaction is stable (=1), increasing (>1), or decreasing (
true false is not correct
Neutrons in a chain reaction must be controlled to prevent the reaction from reaching a critical mass and becoming uncontrollable. By controlling the rate of neutron production and absorption, engineers can manage the reaction to ensure it remains stable and does not lead to a runaway nuclear event.
To sustain a fission chain reaction, each fission reaction must result in one more fission reaction. And that one should result in one more, and so on.
Yes, temperature has an effect on the speed of the reaction. Also most chemical reactions create heat. I feel that it is not exactly correct to say that most chemical reaction create heat. That is true for exothermic reactions, which give off heat, but endothermic reactions absorb heat instead.
Not exactly, nuclear chain reactions are a series of nuclear fissions initiated by neutrons produced in a preceding fission.
Not exactly. An enzyme is a form of catalyst. Organic in nature, they can be astonishingly powerful compared to the inorganic catalysts such as platinum, nickel or water. A catalyst generally speeds up a reaction. The control of reaction speeds in the body usually involves two enzymes, one a catalyst and the other an antagonist which interferes with the function of the first one. Some form of feedback loop finely adjusts the amounts of each of these, and the balance controls the speed of the reaction.
Yes, exothermic reactions are commonly used to power engines, such as in combustion engines where fuel undergoes exothermic reactions to generate heat and drive the pistons. This process is used in vehicles like cars and airplanes to provide propulsion.
Exactly the opposite. It SLOWS your reflexes and reaction times.
Yes, enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions within cells by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur. This allows biochemical reactions to happen at a much faster rate than they would without enzymes.
The definition of the activation energy is exactly the same -- the thermodynamic energy barrier that the reactant must pass over to convert to products. The difference between a thermal and a photochemical reaction is only where the reactants get the energy to get over this barrier. In a thermal reaction, that energy is given by the temperature, and is carried in excited rotational modes, higher kinetic energies and if hot enough, excited vibrational states. In a photochemical reaction, the activation energy is provided by photons, usually in the form of electronic excited states, but could also be vibrational or rotational. The concept of the activation barrier is identical in both cases.
The enthalpy change for a chemical reaction exactly as it is written is known as the standard enthalpy of reaction (∆H°). It represents the amount of heat exchanged with the surroundings at constant pressure during a reaction happening under standard conditions (typically at 298 K and 1 atm pressure).
It is called criticality, with KEffective = 1. controled
There are many different possible property changes in a chemical change. You must post the specific reaction for anyone to tell you exactly.
There is something called an inhibitor that works in exactly the opposite way as catalysts. Inhibitors slow the rate of reaction. Sometimes they even stop the reaction completely. You might be asking, "Why would anyone need those?" You could use an inhibitor to make the reaction slower and more controllable. Without inhibitors, some reactions could keep going and going and going. If they did, all of the molecules would be used up. That would be bad, especially in your body. When you are watching television, you have no reason to keep breaking down sugars at the same rates you would if you were working out.