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Substances undergo physical changes as their thermal energy increases or decreases. The way in which this happens depends on the phase of the substance. For instance, when a gas or liquid obtains heat, the molecules of the gas or liquid have many "degrees of freedom", or ways in which they may move, to express the increase in heat. For example, a molecule of liquid or gas could vibrate more quickly, or rotate more quickly or could just move up, down or side to side faster than it did before. Solids, on the other hand, have less degrees of freedom because all of the molecule which comprise it are held together. So for solids, usually the molecules vibrate faster, but do not rotate.
Remember that all molecules made up of charged particles heat up via the absorption of photons. In most cases, this is a microwave or infrared photon. In most cases, microwave photons will cause rotations and infrared photons will create vibrations.
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What changes when the amount of a substance changes?
total thermal energy
How is thermal energy of a substances related to its physical state?
The thermal energy of a substance determines its state, since thermal energy, aka internal energy, is the energy the molecules in the substance have. If the energy exceeds the force holding the substance together the substance undergoes a phase change.The physical state of a substance is related to its temperature, the measure of thermal energy. The substance can change states depending on the temperature, e.g. boiling.
Does the amount of substance change its thermal energy?
Yes, the more substance you have, the slower the temperature change.
Why may the temperature of a substance change when energy is added?
Thermal energy of a substance is determined by the movement of the molecules and the potential energy of the arrangement of molecules. Heat transfer will stop when thermal equilibrium is reached. It depends upon the substance how long that takes.
How can you add thermal energy to a substance without increasing the temperature?
You can add thermal energy to a substance without increasing its temperature by adding hot water. As the thermal energy of the substance increases, the particles of the substance expands. That is how you can open a bottle by putting it under hot water.
When a substance changes state what happens to its thermal energy?
Changes the temperature of the substance
What changes when the amount of a substance changes?
total thermal energy
Has thermal energy been transfered into or out of a substance if the average kinetic energy changes?
Temperature is a measure of the average KE of the PARTICLES of a substance. So if the temperature changes, ave KE changes, thus thermal energy will have been transferred.
What change when the amount of a substance change?
total thermal energy
What happens to a substance as its thermal energy increases?
if temperature changes that means there is thermal energy in a substance
How is the thermal energy of a substance related to it physical state?
The thermal energy of a substance determines its state, since thermal energy, aka internal energy, is the energy the molecules in the substance have. If the energy exceeds the force holding the substance together the substance undergoes a phase change.The physical state of a substance is related to its temperature, the measure of thermal energy. The substance can change states depending on the temperature, e.g. boiling.
How is the thermal energy of a substance related to its state?
The thermal energy of a substance determines its state, since thermal energy, aka internal energy, is the energy the molecules in the substance have. If the energy exceeds the force holding the substance together the substance undergoes a phase change.The physical state of a substance is related to its temperature, the measure of thermal energy. The substance can change states depending on the temperature, e.g. boiling.
How is thermal energy of a substances related to its physical state?
The thermal energy of a substance determines its state, since thermal energy, aka internal energy, is the energy the molecules in the substance have. If the energy exceeds the force holding the substance together the substance undergoes a phase change.The physical state of a substance is related to its temperature, the measure of thermal energy. The substance can change states depending on the temperature, e.g. boiling.
How can the temperature of substance remain the same even if the substance is absorbing thermal energy.?
For example, when ice is melting, the absorbed thermal energy is used to change the phase of the substance - a type of potential energy.
Does the amount of substance change its thermal energy?
Yes, the more substance you have, the slower the temperature change.
What happens to the thermal energy of a substance during a physical change of state?
it will increase or decrease depending on the states. from solid --> liquid or liquid --> gas it is positive and endothermic, and thermal energy is increasing from liquid --> solid or gas --> liquid it is negative and exothermic, and thermal energy is decreasing
How does an increase in total energy of the particles in a substance affect the thermal energy of the substance?
How does an increase in the total energy of the particles in a substance affect the thermal energy of the substance.
