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When you hit a ball off a tee or hit one that's pitched to you, you are changing its momentum. In the first case, the ball has zero momentum before you hit and only a little more when you nip it and it dribbles a few away from you while everyone watching laughs. In the latter case, the thrown ball has positive momentum that the pitcher gave it, and hitting it changes that momentum from positive to negative, assuming you don't foul it straight back. (Momentum is a vector quantity, you see.) Changing an object's momentum requires you to do work on it, which requires energy. The greater the change in momentum, the more energy is required. But momentum depends upon mass as well as velocity. In other words, if two objects are going the same speed, the more massive object has greater momentum, which is why it's better to get hit in the head with a ping-pong ball dropped from three feet than a Bowling ball dropped from three inches. So, a more massive -- that is, heavier -- ball will not go as far if you hit it with the same amount of energy with which you hit a lighter one.

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17y ago

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