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A laser can detect the distance of an object as well as an object's reflectance, or intensity. To detect the distance of the laser source to a particular object, the round trip travel times of a laser pulse are accurately measured and recorded from the source, to the target and back. Since the speed of the laser pulse is known, using the formula distance = velocity * time, the distance can be calculated. Laser sensors can also record the amount of light returned from a target surface, which is characterized by its reflection coefficient and its surface properties. For example snow would be the highest reflectance and asphalt would be one of the lowest.

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