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The first step is to identify what you have and what you need. The units of our data is grams. The units that we desire is number of atoms. Therefor, to answer this question, we need two important tools of chemistry: the Periodic Table, where we can find the molar mass of the element (bottom of the element's box), and Avogadro's number, which is the number of atoms in one mole.

Going to our periodic table, we find the molar mass to be

M=20.1797 grams/mole

and Avogadro's number is

NA=6.022*1023 atoms/mole

To make the conversion, we simply track our units through the calculation:

80 grams of Ne * 1 mole Ne/20.1797 grams Ne * 6.022*1023 atoms Ne/mole Ne=

2.39*1024 atoms Ne

It is worth noting that any conversion factor can be reversed by reciprocating the value. In the above example, the molecular mass is given in grams per mole, which can be used to convert moles to grams. The reciprocal was used to convert grams into moles.

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