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Resistive Heating, as current passes through the filament power is dissipated from the filament in the form of heat, they are made of Tungsten which has a melting point of 3380 degree Celsius. And since the interior of the bulb contains very little to no oxygen, usually filled with argon or similar type gas. The filament cannot burn, but will degrade over time to the point where it "burns out" but in reality the filament just breaks

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