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Convection is when heated air (or water) rises, and cooler air (or water) sinks. This occurs because heating a gas (or liquid) causes it to expand, its molecules becoming more energetic. This expanded gas is therefore less dense (less mass per volume) and is displaced by cooler gas, from around and above it. So it "rises" (is forced upward).

In the atmosphere, the temperature and pressure decrease as you go higher. When warm air rises, it loses its heat to the cooler air in the higher altitudes, and contracts, becoming denser again, so it sinks (falls back toward the Earth).

Convection currents are responsible for the transport of water vapor (forming clouds) and for the currents that exist in some areas of the oceans.

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What is the difference between conduction and convection in terms of heat transfer?

Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact between objects or substances, while convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids or gases.


What are the differences between convection and radiation in terms of heat transfer mechanisms?

Convection and radiation are two different ways heat is transferred. Convection involves the movement of heated particles in a fluid, like air or water, while radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves. Convection requires a medium to transfer heat, while radiation can occur through a vacuum.


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What is convection in terms of particles?

Convection in terms of particles refers to the transfer of heat through the movement of particles in a fluid (liquid or gas). As the fluid is heated, the particles gain energy and move faster, becoming less dense and rising, while cooler, denser particles sink. This creates a circulating flow that helps distribute heat throughout the fluid.


Conduction convection and radiation are describing what process?

Conduction, convection, and radiation describe methods of heat transfer. Conduction is heat transfer through direct contact, convection is heat transfer through the movement of fluids or gases, and radiation is heat transfer through electromagnetic waves.