Yes, but there seems to be a misunderstanding here.
Radiation is the emanation that comes from radioactive material. Take that radioactive material away, and the radiation goes away. With the exception of neutron radiation, which is not ionizing radiation, once that radiation goes away, there is no radioactivity left in the object that received the radiation.
So, what we are really talking about is radioactive material which produces ionizing radiation, such as Cesium-137, Iodine-131, Cobalt-60, etc.
In the medical arena, you can receive ionizing radiation from sources that are inside or outside the body. For instance, in cancer treatment, you might receive a dose of gamma radiation from Cobalt-60. This can either be done with a machine that holds and collimates the gamma radiation, or you could have Cobalt-60 pins surgically implanted into a tumor for localized longer term treatment. You could receive X-Rays. You could receive a small dose from a bone scan or a heart scan.
In the non medical field, and I'm talking about nuclear accidents such as Fukushima Daiichi, the same principles apply. There is direct radiation from sources outside the body, but that is a very localized situation, applicable directly within the facility. Certainly, there is fuel damage, and parts of the facility are highly radioactive, preventing access for repairs. Externally, from the public's perspective, this has little impact.
However, there is some leakage of low level mixed fission byproducts, such as Cesium-137, Strontium-90, and Iodine-131, and they are getting into the water and air, and contaminating (at a low level) things such as vegetables and milk. The problem is not so much the direct radiation from these sources, but the unknown hazard due to ingestion of them. The problem is that even low levels of these sources, when lodged in the body, can (and I emphasize can, not will) have impact to sensitive body tissues. (It depends on magnitude.) The issue is that we don't really know what the long term effects of low levels of radioactivity does to people. Certainly, we know what high levels do, to a great degree of certainty, but not so for low levels.
So, the guiding principle to to be As Low As Reasonably Achievable, otherwise known as the ALARA principle. Yes, Fukushima Daiichi exceeded limits for release of radioactive materials, but we are not talking about a monstrous level here.
I realize that this answer deviated quite a bit from the intent, on the surface, of the original question, but I was reading into the implied subtext, because it seems that Fukushima Daiichi is on everyone's mind these days. We need to maintain calm, and not listen to the hype.
There are two main types of radiation: External Radiation External radiation is the most common type of radiation, typically given after lumpectomy and sometimes, mastectomy. Internal Radiation Internal radiation is a less common method of giving radiation. It is being studied for use after lumpectomy.
Yes, but there seems to be a misunderstanding here.Radiation is the emanation that comes from radioactive material. Take that radioactive material away, and the radiation goes away. With the exception of neutron radiation, which is not ionizing radiation, once that radiation goes away, there is no radioactivity left in the object that received the radiation.So, what we are really talking about is radioactive material which produces ionizing radiation, such as Cesium-137, Iodine-131, Cobalt-60, etc.In the medical arena, you can receive ionizing radiation from sources that are inside or outside the body. For instance, in cancer treatment, you might receive a dose of gamma radiation from Cobalt-60. This can either be done with a machine that holds and collimates the gamma radiation, or you could have Cobalt-60 pins surgically implanted into a tumor for localized longer term treatment. You could receive X-Rays. You could receive a small dose from a bone scan or a heart scan.In the non medical field, and I'm talking about nuclear accidents such as Fukushima Daiichi, the same principles apply. There is direct radiation from sources outside the body, but that is a very localized situation, applicable directly within the facility. Certainly, there is fuel damage, and parts of the facility are highly radioactive, preventing access for repairs. Externally, from the public's perspective, this has little impact.However, there is some leakage of low level mixed fission byproducts, such as Cesium-137, Strontium-90, and Iodine-131, and they are getting into the water and air, and contaminating (at a low level) things such as vegetables and milk. The problem is not so much the direct radiation from these sources, but the unknown hazard due to ingestion of them. The problem is that even low levels of these sources, when lodged in the body, can (and I emphasize can, not will) have impact to sensitive body tissues. (It depends on magnitude.) The issue is that we don't really know what the long term effects of low levels of radioactivity does to people. Certainly, we know what high levels do, to a great degree of certainty, but not so for low levels.So, the guiding principle to to be As Low As Reasonably Achievable, otherwise known as the ALARA principle. Yes, Fukushima Daiichi exceeded limits for release of radioactive materials, but we are not talking about a monstrous level here.I realize that this answer deviated quite a bit from the intent, on the surface, of the original question, but I was reading into the implied subtext, because it seems that Fukushima Daiichi is on everyone's mind these days. We need to maintain calm, and not listen to the hype.
Microwave ovens emit non-ionizing radiation in the form of microwaves. This radiation heats the water molecules in food, causing them to vibrate and generate heat, which cooks the food. Microwaves are considered safe for use in kitchen appliances.
Radioactivity occurs with the breakdown r decay of certain unstable atomic nuclei. This nuclear radiation is dangerous because it has a lot of energy-on the order of millions of electron volts per emitted particle. Because chemical bonds take about 3-4 electron volts to break, this energy is enough to break apart ordinarily stable molecules into smaller, highly reactive fragments-most of which are ions. Thus, nuclear radiation gets the name ionizing radiation.
prompt (at time of explosion) - neutron, gamma, x-ray, UV, visible, thermal (IR), some radio.delayed (fallout) - beta, gamma, some alpha.Types of radiation called "ionizing radiation" - alpha, beta, gamma, x-ray, neutron.
The second number given with a hazard class is referred to as?
There are two main types of radiation: External Radiation External radiation is the most common type of radiation, typically given after lumpectomy and sometimes, mastectomy. Internal Radiation Internal radiation is a less common method of giving radiation. It is being studied for use after lumpectomy.
It seems like there may be a typo in your question. If you are referring to "radiotherapy" or "radiation therapy," those are treatments that use high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells. It is often used to treat various types of cancer and can be given externally or internally. If you could provide more context, I could give you a more accurate answer.
Yes, but there seems to be a misunderstanding here.Radiation is the emanation that comes from radioactive material. Take that radioactive material away, and the radiation goes away. With the exception of neutron radiation, which is not ionizing radiation, once that radiation goes away, there is no radioactivity left in the object that received the radiation.So, what we are really talking about is radioactive material which produces ionizing radiation, such as Cesium-137, Iodine-131, Cobalt-60, etc.In the medical arena, you can receive ionizing radiation from sources that are inside or outside the body. For instance, in cancer treatment, you might receive a dose of gamma radiation from Cobalt-60. This can either be done with a machine that holds and collimates the gamma radiation, or you could have Cobalt-60 pins surgically implanted into a tumor for localized longer term treatment. You could receive X-Rays. You could receive a small dose from a bone scan or a heart scan.In the non medical field, and I'm talking about nuclear accidents such as Fukushima Daiichi, the same principles apply. There is direct radiation from sources outside the body, but that is a very localized situation, applicable directly within the facility. Certainly, there is fuel damage, and parts of the facility are highly radioactive, preventing access for repairs. Externally, from the public's perspective, this has little impact.However, there is some leakage of low level mixed fission byproducts, such as Cesium-137, Strontium-90, and Iodine-131, and they are getting into the water and air, and contaminating (at a low level) things such as vegetables and milk. The problem is not so much the direct radiation from these sources, but the unknown hazard due to ingestion of them. The problem is that even low levels of these sources, when lodged in the body, can (and I emphasize can, not will) have impact to sensitive body tissues. (It depends on magnitude.) The issue is that we don't really know what the long term effects of low levels of radioactivity does to people. Certainly, we know what high levels do, to a great degree of certainty, but not so for low levels.So, the guiding principle to to be As Low As Reasonably Achievable, otherwise known as the ALARA principle. Yes, Fukushima Daiichi exceeded limits for release of radioactive materials, but we are not talking about a monstrous level here.I realize that this answer deviated quite a bit from the intent, on the surface, of the original question, but I was reading into the implied subtext, because it seems that Fukushima Daiichi is on everyone's mind these days. We need to maintain calm, and not listen to the hype.
Microwave ovens emit non-ionizing radiation in the form of microwaves. This radiation heats the water molecules in food, causing them to vibrate and generate heat, which cooks the food. Microwaves are considered safe for use in kitchen appliances.
Radioactivity occurs with the breakdown r decay of certain unstable atomic nuclei. This nuclear radiation is dangerous because it has a lot of energy-on the order of millions of electron volts per emitted particle. Because chemical bonds take about 3-4 electron volts to break, this energy is enough to break apart ordinarily stable molecules into smaller, highly reactive fragments-most of which are ions. Thus, nuclear radiation gets the name ionizing radiation.
Radiation emitted by radioactive particles can be identified through their energy level, penetration ability, and ionizing capability. Geiger-Muller detectors, scintillation detectors, and dosimeters are commonly used to detect and identify types of radiation. Different types of radiation include alpha particles (helium nuclei), beta particles (high-energy electrons), and gamma rays (high-energy electromagnetic radiation).
Ionizing radiation can break chemical bonds.If the bonds broken are in nucleic DNA then genes may be corrupted, disabled, or enabled. These changes can sometimes turn a cell cancerous or more commonly kill it. Cancer cells reproduce much more rapidly than ordinary cells in the body. Cells that are reproducing actively are much more likely to die from a given ionizing radiation dose than quiescent cells. Thus an established growing cancer is often killed by ionizing radiation, curing it. The immune system usually still has to clean up afterwards, killing the last of the cancer cells for a complete cure.
prompt (at time of explosion) - neutron, gamma, x-ray, UV, visible, thermal (IR), some radio.delayed (fallout) - beta, gamma, some alpha.Types of radiation called "ionizing radiation" - alpha, beta, gamma, x-ray, neutron.
Alpha radiation: this consists of fast moving helium nuclei - i.e. two neutrons and two protons. Beta radiation: this is composed of single electrons. Gamma radiation: very high frequency, high energy electromagnetic radiation.
Yes. Alpha particles are helium nuclei. Beta particles are electrons. Gamma rays consist of high frequency electromagnetic radiation. Modern physics has shown that electromagnetic radiation(EMR), including gamma, do not have a wave nature only, but also a particulate nature. Einstein said that EMR are made of photons.
If you are given the "the total radiation" (e.g. 100 rads of radiation) and you are given another radiation level (e.g. 75 rads of radiation) and then you are asked: 'What is "the fraction of the total radiation?"', then you would answer "75/100".