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Newton's Laws are constantly in effect everywhere, not just on Earth. If anything, they are actually more pertinent in space because the lack of gravity and air resistance make the calculations easier to perform and make all forces even more apparent. When you apply a force in space, there are no other forces to oppose it and slow an object down once in motion.

However, you will also have to take into account that Newton's Laws are just approximations for Einstein's Special Relativity. In reality, Newton's law break down when talking about objects with are moving with velocities close to the speed of light. While they might be fast, most astronomical phenomenon occur nowhere near the speed of light so the discrepancies are small and can be ignored. However, General Relativity will cause more problems as the massive objects that make up most of space will cause disturbances in the space-time around them that without further explanation will violate parts of Newton's Second Law. Performing experiments in the vacuum of space with relatively small masses and small speeds however will experience no such problems.

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A glass sitting on a table will not move unless moved by a force This example demonstrates what?

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