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AC (alternating current) transmission systems use a back-and-forth flow of electricity, while DC (direct current) systems have a one-way flow. AC systems are better for long-distance transmission due to lower energy losses, but DC systems are more efficient for high-voltage transmission over shorter distances. AC systems are more common and easier to convert voltages, but DC systems are more reliable for transmitting large amounts of power over long distances. The choice between AC and DC impacts the efficiency and reliability of power distribution networks based on factors like distance, voltage levels, and power requirements.

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