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What is PWR or BWR?
PWR stands for Pressurized Water Reactor, which uses pressurized water to transfer heat from the reactor core to the steam generators to produce electricity. BWR stands for Boiling Water Reactor, which directly produces steam in the reactor core to drive the turbines and generate electricity. Both are types of nuclear reactors used for power generation.
What is BWR of nuclear energy?
BWR = Boiling Water Reactor. In this type a certain proportion of the reactor coolant water is allowed to turn to steam (unlike in a PWR), this steam is separated out from the water after the reactor outlet and passes directly to the steam turbine.
What is a graphite reactor?
A reactor using graphite as the moderator. This has the advantage that natural non enriched uranium can be used. The first reactors built in the WW2 project to produce plutonium were graphite, these were at Hanford. The idea was taken up in the UK and in France and pressurized reactors using CO2 coolant were developed, though these are now all obsolete. The trouble with graphite is it has a limited lifespan in the reactor, gradually eroding and so losing mechanical integrity. It also is a possible fire hazard, as graphite is flammable at temperatures reachable during a nuclear accident (as evidenced by the Chernobyl accident), particularly in oxygen and hydrogen-rich environments found inside such sealed reactors. Nevertheless in the UK the advanced gas cooled reactor was developed which used enriched fuel and higher gas temperature. These were eventually made to work quite well, but turned out too expensive to build compared with the simpler PWR and BWR types which now predominate.
How is a Pressurized Water Reactor different from a Boiling Water Reactor?
In a PWR the pressure in the reactor primary circuit is kept high enough to prevent boiling, and heat is transferred to a secondary circuit at a lower pressure where steam is produced for the turbine. In a BWR a proportion of the water passing into the reactor is allowed to boil off feeding directly to the turbine. Otherwise, the reactor core itself is very similar.
How much power is needed to start the reactor and to keep it working?
The power required to start a nuclear reactor varies depending on the size and type of reactor, but typically ranges from a few hundred megawatts to several gigawatts. Once the reactor is operating, it generally requires a smaller amount of power to maintain criticality and sustain the fission chain reaction, usually around 1-5% of the total reactor power output.
What is a Thorium Molten Salt Reactor?
A Thorium Molten Salt Reactor is a type of nuclear reactor that uses thorium as a fuel instead of uranium. It operates at high temperatures and uses a liquid fuel mixture of molten salts. One potential advantage of this type of reactor is reduced nuclear waste production compared to traditional reactor designs.
What is the advantage of using a pressurised nuclear reactor?
In a pressurised nuclear reactor the temperature is very high, which cn be accepted as a point for this.
What is one good use of a nuclear reactor?
Process heat and electricity generation.
What is PWR or BWR?
PWR stands for Pressurized Water Reactor, which uses pressurized water to transfer heat from the reactor core to the steam generators to produce electricity. BWR stands for Boiling Water Reactor, which directly produces steam in the reactor core to drive the turbines and generate electricity. Both are types of nuclear reactors used for power generation.
How does the model of nuclear reactor look?
This is a link to the model of a CANDU reactor. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:CANDU_Reactor_Schematic.svg This is a link to a page that shows the models for several generation IV (not yet-existing) reactors. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generation_IV_reactor
What is the function of light water in nuclear reactor?
Light water is used:as nuclear fuel reactor coolantto produce steam that turns the turbines and hence turning the electric generation systemas a neutron moderatoras coolant in safety systems
What is BWR of nuclear energy?
BWR = Boiling Water Reactor. In this type a certain proportion of the reactor coolant water is allowed to turn to steam (unlike in a PWR), this steam is separated out from the water after the reactor outlet and passes directly to the steam turbine.
Who invented the first nuclear reactor in India?
The nuclear reactor wasn't invented in India. Nuclear power was being researched in England, Germany, Austria, Russia and the USA during the 1930s and 1940s. Idaho was the location of the first electricity generation using a nuclear reactor in 1951 with Russia operating the first to supply electricity to a grid. India's entry to nuclear power generation followed many years after the intial development work has been completed.
What does keff mean in nuclear reactor world?
keff is defined as the neutrons in one generation due to fission divided by the neutrons from the previous generation. The denominator includes the source neutrons. Thus it is the fractional change in neutron population.
What are reactor and uranium are used in the production of?
A nuclear reactor is a facility which produce electricity and heat from the fission of uranium or plutonium.The energy released by fission of uranium-235 (or other isotopes) is immense compared to the energy content of fossil fuels.
What is a graphite reactor?
A reactor using graphite as the moderator. This has the advantage that natural non enriched uranium can be used. The first reactors built in the WW2 project to produce plutonium were graphite, these were at Hanford. The idea was taken up in the UK and in France and pressurized reactors using CO2 coolant were developed, though these are now all obsolete. The trouble with graphite is it has a limited lifespan in the reactor, gradually eroding and so losing mechanical integrity. It also is a possible fire hazard, as graphite is flammable at temperatures reachable during a nuclear accident (as evidenced by the Chernobyl accident), particularly in oxygen and hydrogen-rich environments found inside such sealed reactors. Nevertheless in the UK the advanced gas cooled reactor was developed which used enriched fuel and higher gas temperature. These were eventually made to work quite well, but turned out too expensive to build compared with the simpler PWR and BWR types which now predominate.
What is a solar reactor?
A solar reactor is a system that uses concentrated solar power to drive chemical reactions. It harnesses sunlight using mirrors or lenses to produce high temperatures, enabling reactions such as solar fuel production or thermal decomposition. Solar reactors can be used for sustainable energy generation and fuel synthesis.
