In a pressurised nuclear reactor the temperature is very high, which cn be accepted as a point for this.
This is not correct. Assuming "Using Nuclear Energy" means using it to generate electricity in a reactor. A nuclear reactor is a power plant, that uses nuclear fission to eventually generate electricity. An atom bomb also uses nuclear fission to generate energy causing an explosion. However, due to fundamental differences between the two a nuclear reactor cannot explode like an atom bomb.
Nuclear fission reactors come in various forms, though the principle of using the heat from a nuclear chain reaction is always the same. 1. Pressurised Water Reactor (PWR). 2. Boiling Water Reactor (BWR). 3. Magnox gas cooled reactor (no longer built) 4. Advanced gas cooled reactor (no longer built but still in use in UK). 5. Canadian heavy water reactor (Candu) 6. Russian design of Chernobyl type. I think this covers the most used types for power generation. There are others such as the gas cooled pebble bed reactor, and the fast breeder reactor, that are possible but designs have not been so successful and these have not been adopted commercially.
Nuclear reactors are controlled using control rods that absorb neutrons and regulate the rate of fission in the reactor core. By adjusting the position of these control rods, operators can manage the nuclear reaction and control the power output of the reactor. Additionally, coolant flow and reactor temperature are also monitored and adjusted to ensure safe and stable operation.
One advantage of using nuclear power over fossil fuels is that nuclear power does not produce greenhouse gas emissions, which helps to mitigate climate change.
The nuclear reactor wasn't invented in India. Nuclear power was being researched in England, Germany, Austria, Russia and the USA during the 1930s and 1940s. Idaho was the location of the first electricity generation using a nuclear reactor in 1951 with Russia operating the first to supply electricity to a grid. India's entry to nuclear power generation followed many years after the intial development work has been completed.
Plutonium 239 is obtained in all reactors using uranium as nuclear fuel.
An advantage of using more nuclear energy is that it produces lower greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuels.
Nuclear fission can be slowed by inserting control rods, such as boron or cadmium, into the reactor core. These control rods absorb neutrons, reducing the number available to initiate fission reactions and thus slowing down the rate of fission in the reactor.
Uranium. There is some interest in using thorium in the future. Thorium cannot be used directly as fuel in a reactor as it does not fission, it requires a fast breeder reactor to convert it to Uranium-233 which does fission.
In a nuclear reactor, uranium atoms are bombarded with neutrons, causing them to split in a process called fission. This process releases a huge amount of heat energy, which is used to heat water and produce steam. The steam then drives turbines connected to generators, producing electricity.
A nuclear fission reaction is controlled in a nuclear reactor by using control rods made of materials that absorb neutrons, such as boron or cadmium. By adjusting the position of these control rods within the reactor core, the rate of fission and thus the power output can be regulated. Inserting the control rods absorbs neutrons and reduces the number available for further fission reactions, helping to maintain a steady power level.
A reactor using graphite as the moderator. This has the advantage that natural non enriched uranium can be used. The first reactors built in the WW2 project to produce plutonium were graphite, these were at Hanford. The idea was taken up in the UK and in France and pressurized reactors using CO2 coolant were developed, though these are now all obsolete. The trouble with graphite is it has a limited lifespan in the reactor, gradually eroding and so losing mechanical integrity. It also is a possible fire hazard, as graphite is flammable at temperatures reachable during a nuclear accident (as evidenced by the Chernobyl accident), particularly in oxygen and hydrogen-rich environments found inside such sealed reactors. Nevertheless in the UK the advanced gas cooled reactor was developed which used enriched fuel and higher gas temperature. These were eventually made to work quite well, but turned out too expensive to build compared with the simpler PWR and BWR types which now predominate.