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Electron capture and beta decay are both processes by which an atom can undergo nuclear transformation. In electron capture, an inner electron is absorbed by the nucleus, causing a proton to convert into a neutron. This results in the emission of a neutrino. In beta decay, a neutron in the nucleus is converted into a proton, releasing a beta particle (electron) and an antineutrino. The key difference is that electron capture involves the absorption of an electron, while beta decay involves the emission of an electron.

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