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The theoretical minimum in Landau theory represents the lowest possible energy state that a system can reach. It is significant because it helps to understand the behavior of materials undergoing phase transitions, such as when a material changes from a solid to a liquid. By studying the theoretical minimum, scientists can predict the properties and behavior of materials under different conditions.

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Who are the 30 list of physicist and their contributions?

1.Archimedes(Greece) - Principle of buoyancy; principle of lever2.Galileo Galilei ( Italy) - Law of inertia3.Christian Huygens ( Holland) - Wave theory of light4.Issac Newton(UK) - Universal law of gravitation; law of motion; Reflecting telescope6.Michael Faraday (UK) - Law of electromagnetic induction7.James Clerk Maxwell(UK) - Electro magnetic theory;Light-an electromagnetic wave8.Heinrich Rudolf Hertz(Germany) - Generation of electromagnetic waves9.J.C.Bose (India) - Ultra short radio waves10.W.K.Roentgen(Germany) - X-rays11.J.J.Thomson(U.K) - Electron12.Marie Sklodowska Curie (Poland) - Discovery of radium & Polonium; studies on natural radio activity13.Albert Einstein (Germany) - Explanation of photoelectric effect; Theory of relatvity14.Victor Francis Hess(Austria) - Cosmic Radiation15.R.A.Millikan(USA) Measurement of electornic charge16.Ernest Rutherford (New Zealand) - Nuclear model of atom17.Niels Bohr(Denmark) - Quantum model of hydrogen atom18.C.V.Raman(India) - Inelastic scaterring of light by molecules19.Louis Victor de Borglie (France) - Wave nature of matter20.M.N.Saha (India) - Thermal Ionisation21.S.N.Bose (India) - Quantum statistics22.Enrico Fermi (ITaly) - Controlled nuclear fission23.Werner Heinsberg(Germany) - Quantum mechanics; Uncertainity prinicple24.Paul Dirac (UK) - Relativistic theory of electron; Quantum statistics25.Edwin Hubble (USA) - Expanding universe26.Ernest Orlando Lawerence (USA) - Cyclotron27.James Chadwick(UK) - Neutron28.Hideki Yukawa(Japan) - Theory of nuclear forces29.Homi Jehangir Bhabha (India) - Cascade process of cosmic radiation30.Lev Davidovich Landau (Russia) - Theory of condensed matter; Liquid helium31.S.Chandrasekhar(India)-Chandrasekhar limit,structure & evolution of stars32.John Bardeen (USA) - Transistors, Theory of super conductivity33.C.H.Towens (USA) - Maser ; Laser34.Abdus Salam (Pakistan) - Unification of weak & electro magnetic interactionsRead more: List_of_physicists_and_their_contribution


Who are the great men in physics and contribution?

1. Archimedes (Greece) - Principle of buoyancy; principle of lever 2. Galileo Galilei (Italy) - Law of inertia 3. Christian Huygens ( Holland) - Wave theory of light 4. Issac Newton (UK) - Universal law of gravitation; law of motion; Reflecting telescope 5. Michael Faraday (UK) - Law of electromagnetic induction 6. James Clerk Maxwell (UK) - Electro magnetic theory;Light-an electromagnetic wave 7. Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (Germany) - Generation of electromagnetic waves 8. J.C.Bose (India) - Ultra short radio waves 9. W.K.Roentgen (Germany) - X-rays 10. J.J.Thomson (U.K) - Electron 11. Marie Sklodowska Curie (Poland) - Discovery of radium & Polonium; studies on natural radio activity 12. Albert Einstein (Germany) - Explanation of photoelectric effect; Theory of relativity 13. Victor Francis Hess (Austria) - Cosmic Radiation 14. R.A.Millikan(USA) Measurement of electronic charge 15. Ernest Rutherford (New Zealand) - Nuclear model of atom 16. Niels Bohr (Denmark) - Quantum model of hydrogen atom 17. C.V.Raman (India) - Inelastic scattering of light by molecules 18. Louis Victor de Borglie (France) - Wave nature of matter 19. M.N.Saha (India) - Thermal Ionisation 20. S.N.Bose (India) - Quantum statistics 21. Enrico Fermi (Iyaly) - Controlled nuclear fission 22. Werner Heinsberg(Germany) - Quantum mechanics; Uncertainty principle 23. Paul Dirac (UK) - Relativistic theory of electron; Quantum statistics 24. Edwin Hubble (USA) - Expanding universe 25. Ernest Orlando Lawerence (USA) - Cyclotron 26. James Chadwick (UK) - Neutron 27. Hideki Yukawa(Japan) - Theory of nuclear forces 28. Homi Jehangir Bhabha (India) - Cascade process of cosmic radiation 29. Lev Davidovich Landau (Russia) - Theory of condensed matter; Liquid helium 30. S.Chandrasekhar(India)-Chandrasekhar limit,structure & evolution of stars 31. John Bardeen (USA) - Transistors, Theory of super conductivity 32. C.H.Towens (USA) - Maser ; Laser 33. Abdus Salam (Pakistan) - Unification of weak & electro magnetic interactions


What are the 3 foreign scientist and what are the contribution?

Note- the word foreign means 'outside of the native country' so it is impossible to know which scientists are technically foreign.Below is a list of biologists from around the world:Charles Darwin-(1809-1882) England- Evolutionist famous for his theory 'survival of the fittest'Gregor Mendel-(1822-1884)Czech Republic- Genetics, botanist who discovered 'inherited traits' by cross-breeding pea plantsLouis Pasteur- (1822-1895) France- Microbiologist who created 'pasteurization' (a process that kills microbes via heat) Roger W Sperry (1913-1994), America- neuropsychologist, winner of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on the split-brain Robert Hooke-(1635-1703) England - Cytologist who researched cells and actually coined the term 'cell." He also invented the reflecting microscopeAnton van Leeuwenhoek-(1632-1723) HollandCytologist who invented various single lens microscopes and discovered various microbes (protists)Carolus Linnaeus- (1707-1778) Sweden Father of Taxonomy Jane Goodall (1934- present) England- ethologist who studied Chimp behavior- lead authority in primatology John James Audobon (1785-1851) Santo Domingo- ornithologist and inspiration of the Audobon Society- An organization whose goal is the research and protection of bird speciesHerman August Hagen- (1817-1893), Germanyentomologist who worked with neuroptera and odonata (dragonflies)Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852-1934) Spain- the 'father' of neuroscienceAustin Roberts (1883-1948), South Africa -zoologist and ornithologistGeorge Sars (1837-1927) Norway -Marine biologist and a pioneer for fisheries science who researched cod populationsFloyd Zaiger ( 1926-present ) America Fruit geneticist who created hybrids such as the 'pluot and aprium' Mriganka Sur 1953-present ) India cognitive neuroscientist who researchedneuroplasticityHenry Suter- (1841-1918) New Zealand zoologist, naturalist and palaeontologist and malacologist