Gravity.
When a parachute is deployed, the action force is the air resistance pushing against the parachute fabric. This air resistance is created by the change in the air's velocity as it passes through the canopy of the open parachute. The reaction force to this action force is the drag force created by the parachute pulling against the jumper. This drag force is created by the increase in the parachute's surface area, which slows the jumper down as they fall. The drag force is also responsible for the parachute's ability to slow the jumper's descent enough to safely reach the ground.
pushing
The force of gravity and the force of the friction of the parachute moving through the air. I can not draw a diagram on this forum.
air resistance
A force is pushing or pulling on something.
Gravity.
When a parachute is deployed, the action force is the air resistance pushing against the parachute fabric. This air resistance is created by the change in the air's velocity as it passes through the canopy of the open parachute. The reaction force to this action force is the drag force created by the parachute pulling against the jumper. This drag force is created by the increase in the parachute's surface area, which slows the jumper down as they fall. The drag force is also responsible for the parachute's ability to slow the jumper's descent enough to safely reach the ground.
No umbrella could survive that kind of stress; they are designed to resist the force of raindrops, not falling people. Most bags also would be much too small and too weak, however, a large strong bag could indeed be used as a parachute - that's basically what a parachute is (although a para-foil is a more sophisticated design).
pushing
Pushing.
A surface pushing up, equal and opposite to a force pushing against it
Pushing requires energy
yes..
The force of gravity and the force of the friction of the parachute moving through the air. I can not draw a diagram on this forum.
air resistance
field force
A force is pushing or pulling on something.