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The rhythmic, coordinated contraction of the atria and ventricles of the heart. In the normal healthy heart, contraction is produced in response to depolarisation of sino-atrial nodal tissue which then propagates through the ventricular tissue. Excitation is coupled to contraction via calcium ion influx and actin-myosin cross bridge activation. This produces myocyte fibre shortening and the ventricular wall thickens, a majority of which is attributable to shear deformation in the inner third of the ventricular mass. This shearing or sliding, much like a deck of cards sliding upon one another, occurs between muscle layers of the ventricles and is believed to account for the majority of wall thickening.
Ventricular wall thickening forces blood out of the ventricular chambers and into the pulmonary and systemic circulations. Relaxation or diastole follows systole, this enables the heart to relax and fill with blood in order to repeat the above process.
What else can I help you with?
What is the difference between viscous and non viscous fluid flow?
Viscous fluid flow occurs when a fluid's viscosity causes resistance to flow, leading to the formation of layers within the fluid. Non-viscous fluid flow, on the other hand, involves a fluid that flows without resistance or layering, typically with low viscosity.
What causes turbulent flow in fluid dynamics?
Turbulent flow in fluid dynamics is caused by irregular and chaotic movement of fluid particles, resulting in swirling vortices and eddies. This turbulence occurs when the fluid's velocity exceeds a certain threshold, leading to a breakdown of smooth, laminar flow patterns.
What is a boundary layer and what causes it to develop?
A boundary layer is a thin layer of fluid near a surface where the flow of the fluid is significantly affected by the presence of the surface. It develops due to the friction between the fluid and the surface, which slows down the flow of the fluid near the surface.
What causes a fluid to flow from one area to another?
Fluid flows from one area to another due to a difference in pressure between the areas. The fluid will move from the higher pressure area to the lower pressure area in order to equalize the pressure. This movement of fluid is known as fluid flow.
An irregular fluid flow is what?
An irregular fluid flow refers to a fluid motion that is not consistent or smooth, characterized by fluctuations and turbulence in the flow pattern. It can be caused by factors such as obstacles in the fluid's path, changes in the flow velocity, or variations in fluid properties. Irregular fluid flow can affect the efficiency and performance of systems where fluids are involved, such as pipelines or aircraft wings.
What is the difference between viscous and non viscous fluid flow?
Viscous fluid flow occurs when a fluid's viscosity causes resistance to flow, leading to the formation of layers within the fluid. Non-viscous fluid flow, on the other hand, involves a fluid that flows without resistance or layering, typically with low viscosity.
What cellular specialization causes fluid to flow over the epithelial surface?
cilia
What causes turbulent flow in fluid dynamics?
Turbulent flow in fluid dynamics is caused by irregular and chaotic movement of fluid particles, resulting in swirling vortices and eddies. This turbulence occurs when the fluid's velocity exceeds a certain threshold, leading to a breakdown of smooth, laminar flow patterns.
What is a boundary layer and what causes it to develop?
A boundary layer is a thin layer of fluid near a surface where the flow of the fluid is significantly affected by the presence of the surface. It develops due to the friction between the fluid and the surface, which slows down the flow of the fluid near the surface.
What causes a fluid to flow from one area to another?
Fluid flows from one area to another due to a difference in pressure between the areas. The fluid will move from the higher pressure area to the lower pressure area in order to equalize the pressure. This movement of fluid is known as fluid flow.
How does adhesion affect flow rate?
adhesion causes the flow rate to go faster because of the attraction between the particles of a fluid and particles of other substances.
An irregular fluid flow is what?
An irregular fluid flow refers to a fluid motion that is not consistent or smooth, characterized by fluctuations and turbulence in the flow pattern. It can be caused by factors such as obstacles in the fluid's path, changes in the flow velocity, or variations in fluid properties. Irregular fluid flow can affect the efficiency and performance of systems where fluids are involved, such as pipelines or aircraft wings.
What are the key principles of virtual mass physics and how do they impact the behavior of fluid flow?
The key principles of virtual mass in physics refer to the apparent increase in mass experienced by an object moving through a fluid. This effect impacts fluid flow by influencing the acceleration and momentum of the fluid particles around the object. Essentially, virtual mass causes the fluid to behave as if it has more mass, affecting its flow patterns and dynamics.
How does adhesion affect fluid flow?
Adhesion can cause fluid molecules to stick to the walls of the container, which can create friction and resistance to the flow of the fluid. This can result in reduced flow rates and turbulence in the fluid flow system.
What causes pressure loss for venturi?
Pressure loss in a venturi is typically caused by friction between the fluid flow and the venturi walls, as well as disruption and mixing of the fluid stream. This pressure loss is necessary for the venturi to create a pressure differential, which allows for measurement or control of fluid flow rate.
How do you control fluid flow?
Fluid flow can be controlled by adjusting parameters such as pressure, flow rate, and pipe size. Valves can also be used to regulate or stop the flow of fluid through a system. Additionally, controlling the temperature and viscosity of the fluid can influence its flow behavior.
A fluid resistance to flow is called?
A fluid's resistance to flow is called its viscosity.
