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Potential energy takes many different definitions, but the most common is due to gravity. Say move a book from the floor to a shelf that is one meter above the ground. The book has a mass of 2 kilograms. While the book is on the floor, it has zero potential energy. Since potential energy is defined as the height times the mass times the gravitational constant, and height is equal to zero at that point, there is no potential energy. But when it is moved to one meter high, the math goes as follows: 1 meter X 2 kilograms X 9.8 meters per second squared(The gravitaional Constant) = 19.6 Joules(The unit of potential energy).

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