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The difference between fast and slow neutrons is in the amount of energy they possess. Fast neutrons tend to "blow through" the nucleus of some isotopes. This causes a disruption but, because they don't stay around, the nucleus restabilizes. Slow, or thermal, neutrons, however, may get absorbed by the same nucleus, which then destabilizes, causing fission.

It should be pointed out that nuclei of different isotopes are affected differently by neutrons. 238U is caused to divide more frequently by a faster neutron, while 235U is caused to divide more frequently by thermal (slower) neutrons, and 233U is caused to divide more or less equally by any.

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Q: What is the difference between fast and slow neutrons?
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