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Friction stir welding also known as FSW means that the metal is not melted during the process of joining. This is a solid-state process in which you use a third "body" tool to join two surfaces. Between the tool and material a lot of heat is created which results in a soft region in the metal close to the FSW tool. Friction welding or FRW is also a solid-state welding process whereby heat is generated through friction between a moving tool and the component being worked on. A so-called lateral force "upsets" the materials being joined in such a way as they are fused. No melt occurs during the process, friction welding is therefore not really a welding process in the sense of electrode or gas welding. It is a technique for forging metals together. Friction welding is commonly used with special metals in the aviation and the automotive industries.

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