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As far as we know there isn't one. Electric charge is an intrinsic part of certain subatomic particles. We don't know why, nor do we know why they have the characteristic magnitude they do ... it's just how the universe is. Up quarks (which have a charge 2/3 as large as the charge on an electron, but of opposite polarity) and down quarks (which have a charge 1/3 as large as the charge on an electron, and of the same polarity) combine in such a way that protons wind up having the same charge as electrons but opposite polarity. We don't know why this should be so, but it's very convenient.If you meant the gauge particle ... the gauge particle for the electromagnetic force is the photon (which is not, itself, charged).



There is no specific substance for electric charge. Lots of subatomic particles - but not all of them - have the property of electric charge, which may be positive or negative (or neutral). In practice, electric charge is often carried by electrons, but it may also be carried by positive or negative ions, by positive holes, etc.

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